The role of sleep in false memory formation

Payne, Jessica D.; Schacter, Daniel L.; Propper, Ruth E.; Huang, Li; Wamsley, Erin J.; Tucker, Matthew A.; Walker, Matthew P.; Stickgold, Robert

doi:10.1016/j.nlm.2009.03.007

Cited by 221 publications

(289 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Cortisol can have a disruptive effect on learning and memory (e.g. Born and Wagner 2007;Pace-Scott et al 2012), and this may be a part of its contribution to longer term REM sleep-dependent memory consolidation (Payne et al 2009). Born and Wagner (2007) note that early-night sleep, where SWS (N3) predominates, has low cortisol.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of salivary-assessed oxytocin and cortisol levels with time of night and sleep stage

et al. 2012

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There have been proposals for REM to have a function of emotional memory consolidation, and also for REM sleep to be involved in the promotion of attachment behaviour. The hormones cortisol and oxytocin, respectively, may be involved in these proposed REM sleep functions. However, there are conflicting reports on whether levels of cortisol differ between sleep stages when time since sleep onset (SSO) is controlled, and virtually no literature on whether levels of oxytocin differ between sleep stages. This study thus investigated the changes in levels of oxytocin (OT) and cortisol (CT) across the night, and whether these levels differ between REM and N2 sleep when time SSO is controlled. 20 participants (10 males, 10 females, mean age = 20.45, SD = 2.01) were awakened 10 min into REM and N2 sleep periods in the sleep laboratory and gave saliva samples which were assayed for OT and CT. Levels of OT were relatively constant across the night, whereas CT increased significantly. REM and N2 did not differ significantly neither for OT nor for CT. The study has implications for models of sleep-dependent memory consolidation that incorporate the late sleep increase in cortisol as a functional component of memory consolidation, and also for the medical diagnostic assaying of OT during sleep.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of salivary-assessed oxytocin and cortisol levels with time of night and sleep stage

et al. 2012

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“…In the Deese–Roediger–McDermott (Roediger and McDermott, 1995) paradigm, participants learn lists of semantically related words, with words in each list sharing a common theme word that is never presented. Retrieval of these theme words (a measure of false memory) is affected by sleep, although the specific mechanism appears to vary with the retrieval strategy used (Diekelmann et al ., 2008, 2010; Fenn et al ., 2009; Lo et al ., 2014b; McKeon et al ., 2012; Payne et al ., 2009). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sleep deprivation increases formation of false memory

Chong

Ganesan

et al. 2016

Journal of Sleep Research

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SummaryRetrieving false information can have serious consequences. Sleep is important for memory, but voluntary sleep curtailment is becoming more rampant. Here, the misinformation paradigm was used to investigate false memory formation after 1 night of total sleep deprivation in healthy young adults (N = 58, mean age ± SD = 22.10 ± 1.60 years; 29 males), and 7 nights of partial sleep deprivation (5 h sleep opportunity) in these young adults and healthy adolescents (N = 54, mean age ± SD = 16.67 ± 1.03 years; 25 males). In both age groups, sleep‐deprived individuals were more likely than well‐rested persons to incorporate misleading post‐event information into their responses during memory retrieval (P < 0.050). These findings reiterate the importance of adequate sleep in optimal cognitive functioning, reveal the vulnerability of adolescents' memory during sleep curtailment, and suggest the need to assess eyewitnesses' sleep history after encountering misleading information.

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“…Memory consolidation during sleep is often considered as an off-line brain process of stabilization of such newly acquired information, but there is also consolidation of false memories of events that never happened. Acquired information is transformed, restructured, abstracted, integrated with previously acquired memories, prioritized according to its emotional significance, distorted, inferred and combined with false memories within the process of memory consolidation during sleep (Payne et al, 2009). …”

Section: Consciousness and Brain During Sleepmentioning

confidence: 99%

Consciousness, brain, neuroplasticity

Askenasy

Lehmann

2013

Front. Psychol.

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Subjectivity, intentionality, self-awareness and will are major components of consciousness in human beings. Changes in consciousness and its content following different brain processes and malfunction have long been studied. Cognitive sciences assume that brain activities have an infrastructure, but there is also evidence that consciousness itself may change this infrastructure. The two-way influence between brain and consciousness has been at the center of philosophy and less so, of science. This so-called bottom-up and top-down interrelationship is controversial and is the subject of our article. We would like to ask: how does it happen that consciousness may provoke structural changes in the brain? The living brain means continuous changes at the synaptic level with every new experience, with every new process of learning, memorizing or mastering new and existing skills. Synapses are generated and dissolved, while others are preserved, in an ever-changing process of so-called neuroplasticity. Ongoing processes of synaptic reinforcements and decay occur during wakefulness when consciousness is present, but also during sleep when it is mostly absent. We suggest that consciousness influences brain neuroplasticity both during wakefulness as well as sleep in a top-down way. This means that consciousness really activates synaptic flow and changes brain structures and functional organization. The dynamic impact of consciousness on brain never stops despite the relative stationary structure of the brain. Such a process can be a target for medical intervention, e.g., by cognitive training.

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The role of sleep in false memory formation

Cited by 221 publications

References 52 publications

Association of salivary-assessed oxytocin and cortisol levels with time of night and sleep stage

Association of salivary-assessed oxytocin and cortisol levels with time of night and sleep stage

Sleep deprivation increases formation of false memory

Consciousness, brain, neuroplasticity

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