The Role of Sine and Cosine Components in Love Waves and Rayleigh Waves for Energy Hauling during Earthquake

Abstract

Problem statement: Love waves or shear waves are referred to dispersive SH waves. The diffusive parameters are found to produce complex amplitude and diffusive waves for energy hauling. Approach: Analytical solutions are found for analysis and discussions. Results: When the standing waves are compared with the Love waves, similar cosine component is found in both waves. Energy hauling between waves is impossible for Love waves if the cosine component is independent. In the view of 3D particle motion, the sine component of the Rayleigh waves will interfere with shear waves and thus the energy hauling capability of shear waves are formed for generating directed dislocations. Nevertheless, the cnoidal waves with low elliptic parameter are shown to act analogous to Rayleigh waves. Conclusion: Love waves or Rayleigh waves are unable to propagate energy once the sine component does not exist.

Bifurcation of Rupture Path-Linear and Nonlinear Damping

“…Unusual bifurcation of rupture path related to the intersection point of antisoliton and soliton. For linear exciting wave, seismic body waves and surface waves are referred [11][12][13][14]. Comparison was made of the propagating SH-waves in the fluid-saturated mediums that were categorized into two distinct groups: Insoluble and soluble mediums.…”

Finite Element Analysis of Large Capacity Endplate Steel Connections

“…Over the past four decades, steel moment resisting frames have become popular and widely used in steel construction, mainly due to their tremendous energy dissipating characteristics under cyclic loading which represents the ground-shaking and earthquake environments. In January 17, 1994, the Northridge earthquake (6.8 on the Richter scale) struck Los Angeles causing significant wide range damage to various buildings of different heights (Yee et al, 2011;Yalciner and Hedayat, 2010; Choopool and Boonyapinyo, 2011;Abu-Lebdeh et al, 2011;Aziz and Ching, 2010). Brittle fracture in column webs, column flanges, welds and shear tabs were reported.…”