The Role of Short-Chain Fatty Acids in the Interplay between a Very Low-Calorie Ketogenic Diet and the Infant Gut Microbiota and Its Therapeutic Implications for Reducing Asthma

Alsharairi, Naser A.

doi:10.3390/ijms21249580

Cited by 34 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 167 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In this review, we explain the hypothesized mechanism of action of KD. The literature also supports a potential role in chronic inflammatory diseases in children [ 10 ] and in adolescents who are eligible for bariatric surgery and are affected by PCOS, this treatment is currently proposed. However, clinical studies are needed to evaluate KD as a promising therapeutic tool for the treatment of metabolic and cardiovascular risk factors also in pediatrics.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…SCFA, namely, butyrate, acetate, and propionate, are gut metabolic end-products that exert multiple beneficial effects on human metabolism, particularly in obese individuals [ 176 , 177 ]. Recently, studies [ 10 ] have shown changes in the gut microbiota, after adopting the ketogenic diet, suggesting a possible role of ketone bodies in altering the intestinal microbiome. Interestingly, recent preclinical data underline the possible pathogenetic role of the gut microbiome on the benefits of the KD [ 178 ].…”

Section: Ketogenic Diet: Indications In Infants and Childrenmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In pediatrics, a possible therapeutic role in treating chronic inflammatory disease in children has been reported [ 10 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Metabolic Derangement in Pediatric Patient with Obesity: The Role of Ketogenic Diet as Therapeutic Tool

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Obesity is defined as a condition characterized by an excessive fat accumulation that has negative health consequences. Pediatric obesity is associated with an increased risk for many diseases, including impaired glycemic and lipidic control that may lead to the development of chronic, and potentially disabling, pathologies, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and cardiovascular events, in adult life. The therapeutic strategy initially starts with interventions that are aimed at changing lifestyle and eating behavior, to prevent, manage, and potentially reverse metabolic disorders. Recently, the ketogenic diet (KD) has been proposed as a promising dietary intervention for the treatment of metabolic and cardiovascular risk factors related to obesity in adults, and a possible beneficial role has also been proposed in children. KD is very low in carbohydrate, high in fat, and moderate to high in protein that may have the potential to promote weight loss and improve lipidic derangement, glycemic control, and insulin sensitivity. In this review, we present metabolic disorders on glycemic and lipidic control in children and adolescents with obesity and indication of KD in pediatrics, discussing the role of KD as a therapeutic tool for metabolic derangement. The results of this review may suggest the validity of KD and the need to further research its potential to address metabolic risk factors in pediatric obesity.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Ketogenic Diet: Indications In Infants and Childrenmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Metabolic Derangement in Pediatric Patient with Obesity: The Role of Ketogenic Diet as Therapeutic Tool

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Cheng and coworkers fed mice an HFD low in carbohydrates (ketogenic), leading to an upregulation of the 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase 2 (HMGCS2) protein expression [ 123 ]. HMGCS2 is expressed in small intestinal Lgr5+ stem cells and produces ketone bodies, providing energy during fasting [ 124 ]. β-hydroxybutyrate, a ketone body produced by HMGCS2, facilitates Notch signaling as a signaling-active metabolite, thereby increasing the intestinal stem cell number andfunction, and promoting intestinal injury repair after radiation damage [ 124 ].…”

Section: Nutrition Microbiota and Innate Immune Signaling Adapts Gut Morphology And Cell Homeostasismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…HMGCS2 is expressed in small intestinal Lgr5+ stem cells and produces ketone bodies, providing energy during fasting [ 124 ]. β-hydroxybutyrate, a ketone body produced by HMGCS2, facilitates Notch signaling as a signaling-active metabolite, thereby increasing the intestinal stem cell number andfunction, and promoting intestinal injury repair after radiation damage [ 124 ]. Ketogenic diets (diets with low carbohydrate content, 5–10 % of total caloric intake) also impact the composition of the gut microbiota, decreasing total diversity and altering the abundance of several bacterial species [ 125 , 126 ].…”

Section: Nutrition Microbiota and Innate Immune Signaling Adapts Gut Morphology And Cell Homeostasismentioning

confidence: 99%

The Interplay between Nutrition, Innate Immunity, and the Commensal Microbiota in Adaptive Intestinal Morphogenesis

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The gastrointestinal tract is a functionally and anatomically segmented organ that is colonized by microbial communities from birth. While the genetics of mouse gut development is increasingly understood, how nutritional factors and the commensal gut microbiota act in concert to shape tissue organization and morphology of this rapidly renewing organ remains enigmatic. Here, we provide an overview of embryonic mouse gut development, with a focus on the intestinal vasculature and the enteric nervous system. We review how nutrition and the gut microbiota affect the adaptation of cellular and morphologic properties of the intestine, and how these processes are interconnected with innate immunity. Furthermore, we discuss how nutritional and microbial factors impact the renewal and differentiation of the epithelial lineage, influence the adaptation of capillary networks organized in villus structures, and shape the enteric nervous system and the intestinal smooth muscle layers. Intriguingly, the anatomy of the gut shows remarkable flexibility to nutritional and microbial challenges in the adult organism.

show abstract

Nerolidol attenuates airway inflammation and airway remodeling and alters gut microbes in ovalbumin‐induced asthmatic mice

Wang,

Song,

Sun

et al. 2023

Cell Biochemistry & Function

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Asthma is a common respiratory disease associated with airway inflammation. Nerolidol is an acyclic sesquiterpenoid with anti‐inflammatory properties. BALB/C mice were sensitized with ovalbumin (OVA) to induce asthma symptoms and given different doses of Nerolidol. We found that Nerolidol reduced OVA‐induced inflammatory cell infiltration, the number of goblet cells and collagen deposition in lung tissue. Nerolidol reduced the OVA‐specific IgE levels in serum and alveolar lavage fluid in an asthma model. Immunohistochemical staining of α‐SMA (the marker of airway smooth muscle) showed that Nerolidol caused bronchial basement membrane thinning in asthmatic mice. The hyperplasia of airway smooth muscle cells (ASMCs) is an important feature of airway remodeling in asthma. ASMCs were treated with 10 ng/mL TGF‐β to simulate the pathological environment of asthma in vitro and then treated with different doses of Nerolidol. Nerolidol inhibited the activity of TGF‐β/Smad signaling pathway both in the lung tissue of OVA‐induced mouse and TGF‐β‐stimulated ASMCs. 16s rRNA sequencing was performed on feces of normal mice, the changes of intestinal flora in OVA‐induced asthmatic mice and Nerolidol‐treated asthmatic mice were studied. The results showed that Nerolidol reversed the reduced gut microbial alpha diversity in asthmatic mice. Nerolidol changed the relative abundance of gut bacteria at different taxonomic levels. At the phylum level, the dominant bacteria were Bacteroidota, Firmicutes, and Proteobacteria. At the genus level, the dominant bacteria were Lactobacillus, Muribaculaceae, Bacteroides, and Lachnospiraceae. We conclude that Nerolidol attenuates OVA‐induced airway inflammation and alters gut microbes in mice with asthma via TGF‐β/Smad signaling.

show abstract

The Role of Short-Chain Fatty Acids in the Interplay between a Very Low-Calorie Ketogenic Diet and the Infant Gut Microbiota and Its Therapeutic Implications for Reducing Asthma

Cited by 34 publications

References 167 publications

Metabolic Derangement in Pediatric Patient with Obesity: The Role of Ketogenic Diet as Therapeutic Tool

Metabolic Derangement in Pediatric Patient with Obesity: The Role of Ketogenic Diet as Therapeutic Tool

The Interplay between Nutrition, Innate Immunity, and the Commensal Microbiota in Adaptive Intestinal Morphogenesis

Nerolidol attenuates airway inflammation and airway remodeling and alters gut microbes in ovalbumin‐induced asthmatic mice

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About