The Role of Short-Chain Fatty Acids in Mediating Very Low-Calorie Ketogenic Diet-Infant Gut Microbiota Relationships and Its Therapeutic Potential in Obesity

Alsharairi, Naser A.

doi:10.3390/nu13113702

Cited by 30 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 194 publications

(256 reference statements)

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“…The ketogenic diet is characterized by maintaining a carbohydrate intake below 50grams a day or by being no more than 10% of total energy ingested. Previously, this diet was related to the treatment of epilepsy and as a method of losing weight, and is still used, presenting good results [ 22 , 23 ]. Now it has reappeared with a role closer to the sport field due to the interest generated by aerobic athletes in obtaining a vast energy source.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of Nutritional Strategies on the Improvement of the Performance and Health of the Athlete: A Systematic Review

Pérez-Montilla

Cuevas-Cervera

Gonzalez-Muñoz³

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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Evidence shows that the use of food strategies can impact health, but a clear consensus about how the effects of different food strategies impact improvement in the athlete’s performance and health remain unclear. This study evaluated how food strategies, specifically intermittent fasting and a ketogenic diet affect health and performance in healthy athletes. Study selection for this review was based on clinical trial studies analyzing changes in performance and health in athletes. The Pubmed, Web of Science, PEDro, Dialnet, Scopus, CINAHL, ProQuest, Medline and Cochrane databases were searched. The Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale, PEDro Internal Validity Scale (IVS) and Standard Quality Assessment Criteria for Evaluating Primary Research Papers from a variety of fields (QUALSYT) checklists were used to evaluate the risk of bias of the included studies. Articles were selected based on criteria concerning the effectiveness of nutritional strategies on athletes’ performance; articles should be randomized clinical trials (RCTs) or uncontrolled clinical trials; they should be human studies and they should have been published less than 7 years ago. A total of 15 articles were evaluated, 8 randomised clinical trials and 7 non-randomized clinical studies, with 411 participants who satisfied our inclusion criteria and were included in this review. The results of the study showed intermittent fasting and time-restricted feeding as strategies that produce health benefits. On the other hand, the ketogenic diet did not reach an appropriate consensus. The articles presented a medium level of methodological quality in the PEDro scale, low quality in IVS scale and high quality in QUALSYT scale. Despite the lack of studies analyzing changes in the performance and health of athletes after the use of different nutritional strategies, intermittent fasting and time-restricted feeding should be considered since they seem to be effective, and further studies are necessary.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of Nutritional Strategies on the Improvement of the Performance and Health of the Athlete: A Systematic Review

Pérez-Montilla

Cuevas-Cervera

Gonzalez-Muñoz³

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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“…Finally, a total of 16 studies were selected, including 11 RCTs and 5 observational studies. The study selection process is shown in Figure 1 [ 24 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The present study is a systematic review of the literature on randomized clinical trials, observational studies, and systematic reviews. It was carried out following the criteria defined in the PRISMA declaration for the preparation and the development of systematic reviews and meta-analyses [ 24 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effectiveness of Intermittent Fasting, Time Restricted Feeding, Caloric Restriction, a Ketogenic Diet and the Mediterranean Diet as Part of the Treatment Plan to Improve Health and Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain: A Systematic Review

Cuevas-Cervera

Pérez-Montilla

Gonzalez-Muñoz³

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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Food strategies are currently used to improve inflammation and oxidative stress conditions in chronic pain which contributes to a better quality of life for patients. The main purpose of this systematic review is to analyze the effectiveness of different dietary strategies as part of the treatment plan for patients suffering from chronic pain and decreased health. PubMed, Web of Science, ProQuest, Scopus, Cumulative Index to Nursing & Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Cambridge Core, and Oxford Academy databases were used to review and to appraise the literature. Randomized clinical trials (RCT), observational studies, and systematic reviews published within the last 6 years were included. The Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale, the PEDro Internal Validity (PVI), the Standard Quality Assessment Criteria for Evaluating Primary Research Papers from a variety of fields (QUALSYT), and the Quality Assessment Tool of Systematic Reviews scale were used to evaluate the risk of bias of the included studies. A total of 16 articles were included, of which 11 were RCTs and 5 were observational studies. Six of them showed an improvement in pain assessment, while two studies showed the opposite. Inflammation was shown to be decreased in four studies, while one did not show a decrease. The quality of life was shown to have improved in five studies. All of the selected studies obtained good methodological quality in their assessment scales. In the PVI, one RCT showed good internal validity, five RCTs showed moderate internal quality, while five of them were limited. Current research shows that consensus on the effects of an IF diet on pain improvement, in either the short or the long term, is lacking. A caloric restriction diet may be a good long term treatment option for people suffering from pain. Time restricted food and ketogenic diets may improve the quality of life in chronic conditions. However, more studies analyzing the effects of different nutritional strategies, not only in isolation but in combination with other therapies in the short and the long term, are needed.

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“…The KD was also shown to be effective and well-tolerated in infants with intractable epilepsy [ 4 ]. A very low-calorie KD was used as a therapeutic approach for many diseases, such as epilepsy or obesity [ 3 , 5 , 6 ]. There are different types of the KD and the classic KD used for therapeutic diet in drug resistant epilepsy consists of a main proportion of fat, which is commonly a 4:1 ratio, and for children, a 3:1 ratio of fat to carbohydrate, plus protein [ 7 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring Glucose Concentrations in Children with Epilepsy on a Ketogenic Diet

et al. 2022

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Ketogenic diet (KD) and pulsatile dexamethasone therapy (PDT) are commonly used in the treatment of children with drug resistant epilepsy. Potential side effects of the KD are hypoglycemia, whereas PDT might lead to hyperglycemia. One practical option to measure glucose concentrations regularly is the flash glucose monitoring system (FGM). In this single-center study in Germany, two pediatric patients with epilepsy (age: 6.0 and 6.8 years) received FGM from the beginning of the KD over six months, in the year 2020, and one patient (9.8 years) was observed for one month on PDT and switched to the KD thereafter. Glucose concentrations were measured by using an FGM system and capillary blood measurement. Seizure frequency, changes in cognition, motor performance, social behavior, and sleep quality were evaluated. The mean hypoglycemia rate per day (65 mg/dL and lower) declined significantly in patient 1 and 2 after three months. Patient 3 showed in total seven hyperglycemic events during PDT. Patient 1 became seizure free. Improvement of attention and memory performance were reported. FGM during the KD as a treatment for drug resistant epilepsies in childhood is a practical option to explore and to avoid hypoglycemia during the KD and hyperglycemia during PDT.

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The Role of Short-Chain Fatty Acids in Mediating Very Low-Calorie Ketogenic Diet-Infant Gut Microbiota Relationships and Its Therapeutic Potential in Obesity

Cited by 30 publications

References 194 publications

Efficacy of Nutritional Strategies on the Improvement of the Performance and Health of the Athlete: A Systematic Review

Efficacy of Nutritional Strategies on the Improvement of the Performance and Health of the Athlete: A Systematic Review

The Effectiveness of Intermittent Fasting, Time Restricted Feeding, Caloric Restriction, a Ketogenic Diet and the Mediterranean Diet as Part of the Treatment Plan to Improve Health and Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain: A Systematic Review

Monitoring Glucose Concentrations in Children with Epilepsy on a Ketogenic Diet

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