“…In addition, we may consider non-synaptic transmission, glial cells such as the astrocytes, the extracellular space organization, and volume transmission ( Vargova and Sykova, 2014 ). Similarly, other actors such as non-synaptic receptors ( Vizi et al, 2010 ) metal ions ( Chang, 2017 ), lipids ( Wan et al, 2020 ), nucleic acid ( Shao et al, 2020 ; Jana et al, 2023 ), and hormones ( Hsu et al, 2021 ; Ghosh-Swaby et al, 2022 ; Harrington et al, 2022 ; Krinke et al, 2022 ; Su et al, 2022 ; Szczurowska et al, 2022 ; Wu et al, 2022 ; Zhang et al, 2022 ; Zhu D. et al, 2022 ; Kling et al, 2023 ; Lacasse et al, 2023 ) that simultaneously influence the brain response to external stimuli as well as internal abstract conceptualizations, to generate new or modified memories or ideas.…”