The role of sensory and olfactory pathways in multiple chemical sensitivity

Abstract

Multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS) is characterised by non-specific and recurring symptoms affecting multiple organs and associated with exposure to chemicals, even at low concentrations, which are, under normal circumstances, harmless to the general population. Symptoms include general discomfort, cardiovascular instability, irritation of the sensory organs, breath disorders, hypersensitivity affecting the skin and epithelial lining of the gut, throat and lungs, anxiety, and learning and memory loss. Chemical intolerance is a key distinguishing feature of MCS, limiting considerably patients’ lifestyle with serious social, occupational and economic implications. Since no specific diagnostic markers are currently available for chemical intolerance, the diagnosis relies on clinical symptoms. Despite the formulation of several hypotheses regarding the pathophysiology of MCS, its mechanisms remain undefined. A person-centred care approach, based on multidisciplinary and individualised medical plans, has shown promising results. However, more definite treatment strategies are required. We have reviewed the main experimental studies on MCS pathophysiology, focusing on the brain networks involved, the impact of environmental pollution on the olfactory system and the correlation with other pathologies such as neurodegenerative diseases. Finally, we discuss treatment strategies targeting the olfactory system.

Human skin gas profile of individuals with the people allergic to me phenomenon

“…Most people with PATM experience a sense of victimisation owing to depression, anxiety, suicidal impulses, and other mental disorders. Some of them declare that they exhibit symptoms such as idiopathic chemical intolerance, also known as multiple chemical sensitivity 6 , 7 , which is associated with low-level chemical exposure. Those who complain of PATM actively discuss their own symptoms, the reactions of people around them, and possible treatments to alleviate the symptoms.…”

Chemical Intolerance and Mast Cell Activation: A Suspicious Synchronicity

“…The historic lack of understanding of the underlying biomechanisms for CI has inappropriately fostered a view of CI as a psychosomatic disorder (e.g., Multiple Chemical Sensitivity) [59]. However, the psychosomatic view of CI has diminished over time due in part to a greater understanding of the roles of gene-environment interactions, oxidative stress processes, olfactory and sensory pathways, and systemic inflammation in CI [60][61][62][63]. In addition to avoiding symptom triggers, other treatment options have been identified, and while evidence-based treatments are not yet available, multidisciplinary integrative care models have been suggested [64][65][66][67][68].…”

Multiple Chemical Sensitivity Syndrome: First Symptoms and Evolution of the Clinical Picture: Case-Control Study/Epidemiological Case-Control Study

“…Numerous investigations have detected the need to broaden the study of these patients to promote a better understanding of the approach to this pathology [ 1 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 ]. It is known that an earlier diagnosis would favor a better evolution of the clinical picture and an improvement in the quality of life [ 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 ].…”