The role of Self-Organized Criticality in elasticity of metallic springs: Observations of a new dissipation regime

DeSalvo, R.; DiCintio, Arianna; Lundin, M.

doi:10.1140/epjp/i2011-11075-y

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…It is important to emphasize here that, although some studies have already indicated deviations from a perfect elastic behavior in metals in relatively low stress conditions, 12 to the best of the authors' knowledge, there has been no direct meaa) vajente@caltech.edu surement of mechanically up-converted noise, and all theoretical studies have been carried out when the material is in the plastic regime.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3 To be successful, the LIGO detectors must reach an extreme displacement sensitivity in the audio frequency band. At the low frequency end of this band (10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20), the horizontal motion of the 40 kg fused silica mirrors, acting as test masses, must be only about 10 −19 m/ √ Hz. Since the detector is located on the ground, it employs complex seismic isolation systems to reduce the contamination of the sensitivity by local seismic activity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An instrument to measure mechanical up-conversion phenomena in metals in the elastic regime

Vajente

Quintero

et al. 2016

Review of Scientific Instruments

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Physical aging of plastoferrites under tensile stress and its effect on microwave properties J. Appl. Phys. 104, 064108 (2008) Crystalline materials, such as metals, are known to exhibit deviation from a simple linear relation between strain and stress when the latter exceeds the yield stress. In addition, it has been shown that metals respond to varying external stress in a discontinuous way in this regime, exhibiting discrete releases of energy. This crackling noise has been extensively studied both experimentally and theoretically when the metals are operating in the plastic regime. In our study, we focus on the behavior of metals in the elastic regime, where the stresses are well below the yield stress. We describe an instrument that aims to characterize non-linear mechanical noise in metals when stressed in the elastic regime. In macroscopic systems, this phenomenon is expected to manifest as a non-stationary noise modulated by external disturbances applied to the material, a form of mechanical up-conversion of noise. The main motivation for this work is for the case of maraging steel components (cantilevers and wires) in the suspension systems of terrestrial gravitational wave detectors. Such instruments are planned to reach very ambitious displacement sensitivities, and therefore mechanical noise in the cantilevers could prove to be a limiting factor for the detectors' final sensitivities, mainly due to non-linear up-conversion of low frequency residual seismic motion to the frequencies of interest for the gravitational wave observations. We describe here the experimental setup, with a target sensitivity of 10 −15 m/ √Hz in the frequency range of 10-1000 Hz, a simple phenomenological model of the non-linear mechanical noise, and the analysis method that is inspired by this model. Published by AIP Publishing. [http://dx

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An instrument to measure mechanical up-conversion phenomena in metals in the elastic regime

Vajente

Quintero

et al. 2016

Review of Scientific Instruments

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“…This shows as measurement hysteresis-application and subsequent removal of external force does not return the spring to the original equilibrium point. 16 In seismometers, it is desirable to employ a spring with a particularly low restoring force in order to achieve low resonant frequencies. In this instrument, we tried to build a hinge with zero elastic restoring force and reduced flexure hysteresis by eliminating the metallic flexures.…”

Section: Noise In Flexuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

A high precision, compact electromechanical ground rotation sensor

Dergachev

DeSalvo

Asadoor

et al. 2014

Review of Scientific Instruments

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We present a mechanical rotation sensor consisting of a balance pivoting on a tungsten carbide knife edge. These sensors are important for precision seismic isolation systems, as employed in land-based gravitational wave interferometers and for the new field of rotational seismology. The position sensor used is an air-core linear variable differential transformer with a demonstrated noise floor of \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\begin{document}${1}{\,\times\, 10^{-11}}\textrm { m}/\sqrt{\textrm {Hz}}$\end{document}1×10−11m/ Hz . We describe the instrument construction and demonstrate low noise operation with a noise floor upper bound of \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\begin{document}${5.7}{\,\times\, 10^{-9}}\textrm { rad}/\sqrt{\textrm {Hz}}$\end{document}5.7×10−9 rad / Hz at 10 mHz and \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\begin{document}${6.4}{\,\times\, 10^{-10}}\textrm { rad}/\sqrt{\textrm {Hz}}$\end{document}6.4×10−10 rad / Hz at 0.1 Hz. The performance of the knife edge hinge is compatible with a behaviorur free of noise from dislocation self-organized criticality.

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“…Experimental studies showed that maraging steel was the best candidate for this use [8][9][10]. Additionally, very low frequency deviations from linear elasticity have been observed experimentally [11]. We would like to stress that all the studies cited above are focused either on single, isolated loud events or on very low frequency deviations from linearity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The theoretical understanding of crackling focused mainly on the prediction of general statistical properties of the size and time distribution, using mean field theory approaches [18] or microscopical numerical simulations [19]. In particular it is widely accepted that the amplitude and properties of the crackling noise can depend on the static stress applied to the material, as well as on the stress rate [11,20]. However, again to the best of our knowledge, there are no quantitative models of the expected crackling noise in materials like steel.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crackling noise in advanced gravitational wave detectors: A model of the steel cantilevers used in the test mass suspensions

Vajente

2017

Phys. Rev. D

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The response of elastic materials to external changing conditions can proceed through small and discrete releases of stress, rather than a continuous and smooth deformation as described by the classical elasticity theory. In a macroscopic elastic body, the sum of all those small crackling events can create a detectable displacement noise (crackling noise). In this paper we consider the case of the steel cantilevers used in the seismic isolation systems of ground based gravitational wave detectors, to provide the vertical isolation needed to reach the detector target sensitivity. Those instruments are reaching unprecedented displacement sensitivity, at a level that might be limited by crackling noise in the aforementioned cantilevers. Understanding this source of noise is extremely important, especially considering its intrinsic nonlinear nature. Since a detailed microscopical model of crackling noise in polycrystalline steel is not available at the moment, we suggest a phenomenological microscopical model, and the focus of this paper is on how crackling noise scales with the size and geometry of the cantilevers. The goal of this paper is to provide a method to scale up future measurements of crackling noise from small test cantilevers to the large ones used in advanced gravitational wave detectors.

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The role of Self-Organized Criticality in elasticity of metallic springs: Observations of a new dissipation regime

Cited by 9 publications

References 72 publications

An instrument to measure mechanical up-conversion phenomena in metals in the elastic regime

An instrument to measure mechanical up-conversion phenomena in metals in the elastic regime

A high precision, compact electromechanical ground rotation sensor

Crackling noise in advanced gravitational wave detectors: A model of the steel cantilevers used in the test mass suspensions

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