“…Finally, adults have been found to spontaneously modify sex-dimorphic acoustic cues (F0 and ΔF) in order to vary the expression of gender and related attributes in line with different roles and social (i.e. gender expression, dominance, sexual orientation) contexts Graddol and Swann, 1983;Puts et al, 2006), and this variation has a strong effect on the way listeners perceive the personality of speakers (Owen and Hancock, 2010;Puts et al, 2012;Van Bezooijen, 1995). Because variation in vocal masculinity is likely to have both biological and social sources, future studies should also include social measures of masculinity (i.e.…”