The role of sarcopenia in the risk of osteoporotic hip fracture

Oliveira, A.; Vaz, Carlos

doi:10.1007/s10067-015-2943-9

Cited by 97 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…There is somewhat conflicting but mostly positive evidence for a relationship between HGS and systemic BMD (Dixon et al, 2005). Sarcopenia is a recognized factor in hip fracture risk (Ho et al, 2016;Oliveira and Vaz, 2015;Tarantino et al, 2015). Progressive, generalized loss of muscle strength and mass lead to an increased risk of falls (impaired neuromuscular function) and decreased bone strength (lack of mechanical forces) (Cederholm et al, 2013).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Osteoporosis (Kanis, 1994) and falls (Jarvinen et al, 2008) are recognized risk factors for sustaining a hip fracture. Other factors include, but are not limited to, sarcopenia (Oliveira and Vaz, 2015), muscle weakness, physical inactivity, impaired cognition, impaired vision, and chronic health conditions (Marks, 2010). The current gold standard screening tool to assist in identifying those most at risk of hip fracture is the Fracture Risk Assessment Tool (FRAX®).…”

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The association between decreased hand grip strength and hip fracture in older people: A systematic review

Denk

Lennon

Gordon

et al. 2018

Experimental Gerontology

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The association between decreased hand grip strength and hip fracture in older people: a systematic review ABSTRACT Hip fractures are a global concern, resulting in poor outcomes and high health care costs. They mostly affect people >80 years. Hip fractures are influenced by various (modifiable) risk factors. Emerging evidence suggests hand grip strength (HGS) to be one of several useful tools to identify hip fracture risk. This is the first systematic review that aims to assess the evidence underlying the relationship between hip fracture incidence and HGS. Eleven studies were selected for this review (six case-control and five cohort studies), comprising 21197 participants. Where reported, HGS was significantly decreased in individuals with a hip fracture near the time of injury as compared to controls (p<0.001); HGS was associated with increased hip fracture risk in all included studies. Meta-analysis was not possible. All studies included in this systematic review confirmed a relationship between decreased HGS and hip fracture incidence. We were not able to quantify the strength of this relationship, due to the heterogeneity of the included studies. HGS merits further investigation as a useful tool for identifying individuals that might be at elevated risk for sustaining a hip fracture. Key words: Hand grip strength, hip fracture, proximal femur fracture, frailty, risk factor 1. Introduction Low impact fractures of the proximal femur (hip fractures) are a major worldwide public health concern (Hernlund et al., 2013; Kanis et al., 2012; The World Bank, 2015). They mostly occur in people older than 80 years (Kistler et al., 2015). As the population ages, hip fractures are predicted to increase by 35% between 2012 and 2022; the annual cost will rise to $1.27 billion in Australia alone (Watts et al., 2013). The current annual hospital cost of hip fractures in the UK has been estimated at £1.1 billion (Leal et al., 2016). Thus, it is vital to further improve fracture prevention strategies, not only to decrease health care costs, but also to reduce devastating outcomes such as morbidity, disability, dependency, and poor quality of life (Griffin et al., 2015;Parker, 2016). Many, often modifiable, risk factors need to be considered for hip fracture prevention. Osteoporosis (Kanis, 1994) and falls (Jarvinen et al., 2008) are recognized risk factors for sustaining a hip fracture. Other factors include, but are not limited to, sarcopenia (Oliveira and Vaz, 2015), muscle weakness, physical inactivity, impaired cognition, impaired vision, and chronic health conditions (Marks, 2010). The current gold standard screening tool to assist in identifying those most at risk of hip fracture is the Fracture Risk Assessment Tool (FRAX®). FRAX is based on 12 variables: age, sex, weight, height, previous fracture, parent fractured hip, current smoking, glucocorticoids, rheumatoid arthritis, secondary osteoporosis, alcohol (three or more units/day), and femoral neck bone mineral density (BMD) (The University of Sheffield, 2011). Lo...

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The association between decreased hand grip strength and hip fracture in older people: A systematic review

Denk

Lennon

Gordon

et al. 2018

Experimental Gerontology

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“…The relation between sarcopenia with osteoporosis and fragility bone fractures has been examined recently [8,20,21]. Retrospective and prospective studies have supported its relationship.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High Prevalence of Sarcopenia in Women with Osteoporotic Fractures

Fernandez¹,

Oliveri²,

Bagur³

2016

J Osteopor Phys Act

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The aim of the present study was to assess the prevalence of sarcopenia in women with osteopenia/osteoporosis with or without fragility fractures. Patients and methods: 112 ambulatory women with osteopenia/osteporosis were included. Body composition was determined by DXA. Weight, height, body mass index (BMI), bone mineral density (BMD) of the total skeleton, total lean mass (LM), appendicular lean mass (ALM) and the index: appendicular lean mass/height² (ALM/h²) were determined. Grip strength and self-selected gait speed were assessed. Results: Average (X ± SD) results were: age 70.9 ± 8.2 years, BMI: 23.1 ± 3.3 kg/h², total skeleton BMD T-Score:-1.7 ± 0.8, total LM 33.3 ± 3.8 kg, ALM 14.4 ±2.1 kg and ALM/h²: 5.86 ± 0.68 kg/h². Walking speed 0.96±0.21m/s and handgrip: 18.8 ± 4.8 kg. The prevalence of sarcopenia was: 24.7% (International Working Group criteria). Values for BMI, LM, ALM, ALM/h², gait speed and hand grip were significantly lower in sarcopenic vs. non-sarcopenic patients. 29 patients, average age: 70.5 ± 8.0 years had osteoporotic fragility fractures (Fx). The prevalence of sarcopenia in the group of patients with Fx was 41.4% vs. 19.3% in the non-Fx patients (n=83) (p<0.018). Conclusion:The prevalence of sarcopenia in women with osteopenia/osteoporosis was higher compared to that usually reported in non-selected patients of similar age. Those with bone fractures had a significantly higher prevalence of sarcopenia compared to the non-fracture patients. The assessment of muscle mass and function in patients with osteopenia/osteoporosis is recommended.

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“…However, we should realize that the risk of osteoporotic fracture is complex and regulated by both environmental and genetic factors. Fracture risk is associated with a history of falls; low physical function, such as slow gait speed and decreased quadriceps strength; impaired cognition; poor vision; and the presence of environmental hazards [36] . Although the measurement of BMD has been one of the best methods to determine the risk of osteoporotic fracture, a meta-analysis of the predictive ability of the measurement for hip fracture reported a false positive rate of 15% and a detection rate of only 50% [37] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

BMP7 gene polymorphisms are not associated with bone mineral density or osteoporotic fractures in postmenopausal Chinese women

Gao

Shao

et al. 2016

Acta Pharmacol Sin

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Aim: A previous study shows that bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP7) gene polymorphisms are associated with bone mineral density (BMD) in 920 European Americans. To determine the association of BMP7 polymorphisms and BMD and osteoporotic fracture susceptibility, we performed a case-control association study in postmenopausal Chinese women with or without osteoporotic fracture. Methods: A total of 3815 unrelated postmenopausal Chinese women (1238 with osteoporotic fracture and 2577 healthy controls) were recruited. BMDs of the lumbar spine 1-4 (L1-4) and proximal femur (including total hip and femoral neck) were measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Eight tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in BMP7 gene, including rs11086598, rs4811822, rs12481628, rs6025447, rs230205, rs17404303, rs162316 and rs6127980, were genotyped. Results: Among the 8 SNPs, rs6025447 and rs230205 were associated with total hip BMD (P=0.013 and 0.045, respectively). However, the associations became statistically insignificant after adjusting for age, height and weight. The TGTG haplotype of BMP7 gene was associated with total hip BMD (P=0.032), even after adjusting for age, height and weight (P=0.048); but the association was insignificant after performing the Bonferroni multiple-significance-test correction. Moreover, the 8 SNPs and 9 haplotypes of BMP7 gene were not associated with L1-4 or femoral neck BMD or osteoporotic fracture. Conclusion: This large-sample case-control association study suggests that the common genetic polymorphisms of BMP7 gene are not major contributors to variations in BMD or osteoporotic fracture in postmenopausal Chinese women.

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The role of sarcopenia in the risk of osteoporotic hip fracture

Cited by 97 publications

References 39 publications

The association between decreased hand grip strength and hip fracture in older people: A systematic review

The association between decreased hand grip strength and hip fracture in older people: A systematic review

High Prevalence of Sarcopenia in Women with Osteoporotic Fractures

BMP7 gene polymorphisms are not associated with bone mineral density or osteoporotic fractures in postmenopausal Chinese women

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