The role of salicylic acid in induced systemic resistance elicited by plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria against blue mold of tobacco

Zhang, Shouan; Moyne, Anne-Laure; Reddy, M. S.; Kloepper, Joseph W.

doi:10.1016/s1049-9644(02)00108-1

Cited by 137 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…In other species, an involvement of SA can only be assessed on the basis of systemic accumulation of SA-inducible PRs. Several ISR-eliciting strains were shown to activate the PR-1a promoter in a transgenic GUS reporter line of tobacco (Park and Kloepper, 2000), including Serratia marcescens 90-166, that was subsequently shown to induce resistance in tobacco in a SA-independent way (Zhang et al, 2002). However, when grown in vitro on nutrient agar medium under gnotobiotic conditions the bacteria do not remain confined to the roots but colonize the entire seedling as well as the surrounding agar, reaching extremely high densities, which may cause substantial stress to the small seedlings.…”

Section: 3mentioning

confidence: 99%

Induced Systemic Resistance as a Mechanism of Disease Suppression by Rhizobacteria

Loon

Bakker

2005

PGPR: Biocontrol and Biofertilization

106

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Abstract:Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria can suppress diseases through antagonism between the bacteria and soil-borne pathogens, as well as by inducing a systemic resistance in the plant against both root and foliar pathogens. The generally non-specific character of induced resistance constitutes an increase in the level of basal resistance to several pathogens simultaneously, which is of benefit under natural conditions where multiple pathogens may be present. Specific Pseudomonas strains induce systemic resistance in e.g. carnation, cucumber, radish, tobacco and Arabidopsis, as evidenced by an enhanced defensive capacity upon challenge inoculation. Although some bacterial strains are equally effective in inducing resistance in different plant species, others show specificity, indicating specific recognition between bacteria and plants at the root surface. In carnation, radish and Arabidopsis, the O-antigenic side chain of the bacterial outer membrane lipopolysaccharide acts as an inducing determinant, but other bacterial traits are also involved. Pseudobactin siderophores have been implicated in the induction of resistance in tobacco and Arabidopsis, and another siderophore, pseudomonine, may explain induction of resistance associated with salicylic acid (SA) in radish. Although SA induces phenotypically similar systemic acquired resistance (SAR), it is not necessary for the systemic resistance induced by most rhizobacterial strains. Instead, rhizobacteria-mediated induced systemic resistance (ISR) is dependent on jasmonic acid (JA) and ethylene signaling in the plant. Upon challenge inoculation of induced Arabidopsis plants with a pathogen, leaves expressing SAR exhibit a primed expression of SA-, but not JA/ethylene-responsive defense-related genes, whereas leaves expressing ISR are primed to express JA/ethylene-, but not SA-responsive genes. Combination of ISR and SAR can increase protection against pathogens that are resisted through both pathways, as well as extend protection to a broader spectrum of pathogens than ISR or SAR alone.

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Section: 3mentioning

confidence: 99%

Induced Systemic Resistance as a Mechanism of Disease Suppression by Rhizobacteria

Loon

Bakker

2005

PGPR: Biocontrol and Biofertilization

106

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“…Apart from WCS417r, other fluorescent Pseudomonas spp. strains have also been shown to induce SAindependent ISR in Arabidopsis (Van Wees et al, 1997;Iavicoli et al, 2003;Ryu et al, 2003), tobacco (Press et al, 1997;Zhang et al, 2002) and tomato (Yan et al, 2002), indicating that the ability to trigger an SA-independent pathway controlling systemic resistance is not uncommon among ISR-inducing rhizobacteria.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Colonization of the Arabidopsis rhizosphere by fluorescent Pseudomonas spp. activates a root-specific, ethylene-responsive PR-5 gene in the vascular bundle

et al. 2005

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Plants of which the roots are colonized by selected strains of non-pathogenic, fluorescent Pseudomonas spp. develop an enhanced defensive capacity against a broad spectrum of foliar pathogens. In Arabidopsis thaliana, this rhizobacteria-induced systemic resistance (ISR) functions independently of salicylic acid but requires responsiveness to jasmonic acid and ethylene. In contrast to pathogen-induced systemic acquired resistance (SAR), ISR is not associated with systemic changes in the expression of genes encoding pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins. To identify genes that are specifically expressed in response to colonization of the roots by ISRinducing Pseudomonas fluorescens WCS417r bacteria, we screened a collection of Arabidopsis enhancer trap and gene trap lines containing a transposable element of the Ac/Ds system and the GUS reporter gene. We identified an enhancer trap line (WET121) that specifically showed GUS activity in the root vascular bundle upon colonization of the roots by WCS417r. Fluorescent Pseudomonas spp. strains P. fluorescens WCS374r and P. putida WCS358r triggered a similar expression pattern, whereas ISR-non-inducing Escherichia coli bacteria did not. Exogenous application of the ethylene precursor 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) mimicked the rhizobacteria-induced GUS expression pattern in the root vascular bundle, whereas methyl jasmonic acid and salicylic acid did not, indicating that the Ds element in WET121 is inserted in the vicinity of an ethylene-responsive gene. Analysis of the expression of the genes in the close vicinity of the Ds element revealed AtTLP1 as the gene responsible for the in cis activation of the GUS reporter gene in the root vascular bundle. AtTLP1 encodes a thaumatin-like protein that belongs to the PR-5 family of PR proteins, some of which possess antimicrobial properties. AtTLP1 knockout mutant plants showed normal levels of WCS417r-mediated ISR against the bacterial leaf pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000, suggesting that expression of AtTLP1 in the roots is not required for systemic expression of ISR in the leaves. Together, these results indicate that induction of AtTLP1 is a local response of Arabidopsis roots to colonization by non-pathogenic fluorescent Pseudomonas spp. and is unlikely to play a role in systemic resistance.

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“…We do not have any clear hypotheses to explain the results. S. marcescens 90−166 has previously been shown to cause strong ISR to fungal, bacterial and viral pathogens in tomato, cucumber, tobacco, Arabidopsis and loblolly pine (Enebak and Carey, 2000;Press et al, 1997Press et al, , 2001Raupach et al, 1996;Zhang et al, 2002;Zhang et al, 2004). Seed treatment with S. marcescens 90−166 significantly and consistently reduced or delayed symptom development caused by CMV in cucumber and tomato (Raupach et al, 1996).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…lachrymans, P. carotovorum, blue mold, CMV, and even cucumber beetles in the systemic tissues of many crop plants and Arabidopsis thaliana (Enebak and Carey, 2000;Kloepper et al, 2004;Kloepper and Ryu, 2006;Press et al, 1997;Press et al, 2001;Raupach et al, 1996;Ryu et al, 2004b;Zhang et al, 2002). Even though S. marcescens 90−166 secretes SA exogenously, inoculation of a SA-negative mutant into the roots of tobacco plants maintained ISR to P. syringae pv.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modulation of Quorum Sensing in Acyl-homoserine Lactone-Producing or -Degrading Tobacco Plants Leads to Alteration of Induced Systemic Resistance Elicited by the Rhizobacterium Serratia marcescens 90-166

Ryu¹,

Choi²,

Lee³

et al. 2013

The Plant Pathology Journal

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Numerous root-associated bacteria (rhizobacteria) are known to elicit induced systemic resistance (ISR) in plants. Bacterial cell-density-dependent quorum sensing (QS) is thought to be important for ISR. Here, we investigated the role of QS in the ISR elicited by the rhizobacterium, Serratia marcescens strain 90−166, in tobacco. Since S. marcescens 90−166 produces at least three QS signals, QS-mediated ISR in strain 90−166 has been difficult to understand. Therefore, we investigated the ISR capacity of two transgenic tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) plants that contained either bacterial acylhomoserine lactone-producing (AHL) or -degrading (AiiA) genes in conjunction with S. marcescens 90−166 to induce resistance against bacterial and viral pathogens. Root application of S. marcescens 90−166 increased ISR to the bacterial pathogens, Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum and Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci, in AHL plants and decreased ISR in AiiA plants. In contrast, ISR to Cucumber mosaic virus was reduced in AHL plants treated with S. marcescens 90−166 but enhanced in AiiA plants. Taken together, these data indicate that QS-dependent ISR is elicited by S. marcescens 90−166 in a pathogen-dependent manner. This study provides insight into QS-dependent ISR in tobacco elicited by S. marcescens 90−166.

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The role of salicylic acid in induced systemic resistance elicited by plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria against blue mold of tobacco

Cited by 137 publications

References 44 publications

Induced Systemic Resistance as a Mechanism of Disease Suppression by Rhizobacteria

Induced Systemic Resistance as a Mechanism of Disease Suppression by Rhizobacteria

Colonization of the Arabidopsis rhizosphere by fluorescent Pseudomonas spp. activates a root-specific, ethylene-responsive PR-5 gene in the vascular bundle

Modulation of Quorum Sensing in Acyl-homoserine Lactone-Producing or -Degrading Tobacco Plants Leads to Alteration of Induced Systemic Resistance Elicited by the Rhizobacterium Serratia marcescens 90-166

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