“…Consistent with hypotheses, we found that preventative, but not restorative, safety behaviors predicted an increase in both general (BAI) and specific anxious symptoms (anxious arousal) over time. These findings lend support to the etiological role of safety behaviors in the development of anxiety and are consistent with past studies that have found safety behaviors to increase anxiety (Deacon & Maack, ; Fawzy, ; Goodson et al., ; Olatunji, Etzel, Tomarken, Ciesielski, & Deacon, ). The results also support the possible differentiating role of safety behavior type for conferring risk for future depressive symptoms in nonclinical populations.…”