The role of Rifian virility in the shaping of Spanish masculinity during Spain’s colonial wars in the Rif (1900–1927): from admiration to colonial hierarchy

International Political Sociology through the Colonial Mirror: A Contrapuntal Reading of the Spanish Civil War

“…The most promising framework with which to understand these extraordinary ideological manoeuvres in National-Catholic discourse and practice involves combining the ideas of paternalism (Wright, 2020) and brotherhood (Mateo Dieste, 2003) in the construction of a sort of fraternal tutelage which presented Spanish colonial rule in the northern Morocco as a "sentimental, not a political protectorate" (Velasco de Castro 2014: 215). As several Hispanist historians and cultural theorists have shown, the figure of the Moor -which had for centuries been represented in both high and popular culture in conflicting ways as bloodthirsty fanatic, enlightened despot, valiant warrior, duplicitous servant, or simply a noble savage -came to be glorified by the rebel side as a faithful, courageous, resilient and often eroticised fighter (Archilés 2013;Bolorinos Allard 2016;Jensen 2016;Martín Corrales 2002;Martin-Márquez 2004;Torres Delgado 2023). There was for Nationals no question of the Moroccan subordination in this relationship, but their commitment and audacity in battle indicated the Regulares shared a warrior genealogy with the best of the Iberian native sons.…”

Ni contigo ni sin ti: la africanidad en el discurso de los militares africanistas (1909-1927)

“…215-228); la segunda, compartiendo estas premisas, entiende que España sí adoptó una postura jerárquica y de superioridad racial ante el moro (Marín, 2015). Más recientemente, Gemma Torres, desde una perspectiva de género y estableciendo puentes entre el africanismo y el golpe de 1936, ha explorado la ambivalente relación entre combatientes (Torres, 2021). pido por el trauma de 1921, proceso de asimilación teórica de «África».…”