The role of resting-state EEG localized activation and central nervous system arousal in executive function performance in children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Zhang, Da-Wei; Johnstone, Stuart J.; Roodenrys, Steven; Luo, Xuyi; Li, Hui; Wang, Encong; Zhao, Qingwei; Song, Yan; Liu, Lu; Qian, Qiujin; Wang, Yufeng; Sun, Li

doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2018.03.009

Cited by 19 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…The optimal stimulation (OS) model suggested that the state of arousal of the central nervous system (CNS) drives subsequent response and behavior (Zentall and Zentall, 1983). According to the OS model, hypoarousal in children with ADHD, probably results from deviated maturation/dysfunction in the prefrontal cortex (Strauß et al, 2018;Zhang et al, 2018), is closely related to inattention and hyperactivity (Rapport et al, 2009). Given the modulatory effect of acute exercise on arousal (Kamijo et al, 2004a;Chang et al, 2011), it is reasonable to postulate that better cognitive performance following acute exercise may be mediated by an upregulation of cortical arousal.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dose-Response Effects of Acute Aerobic Exercise Intensity on Inhibitory Control in Children With Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Tsai

Hsieh

Huang

et al. 2021

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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The present study aimed to examine whether the effect of acute aerobic exercise on inhibitory control of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is moderated by exercise intensity. Using a within-subjects design, 25 children with ADHD completed a flanker task with concurrent collection of electroencephalography (EEG) data after three different intensities of treadmill running. The results showed that low- and moderate-intensity exercises resulted in shorter reaction times (RTs) relative to vigorous-intensity exercise during the incompatible condition of the flanker task regardless of task congruency. A P3 congruency effect was observed following low- and vigorous-intensity exercises but not after moderate-intensity exercise. The mean alpha power, a measure of cortical arousal, increased following low- and moderate-intensity exercises but decreased following vigorous-intensity exercise. In addition, the change in arousal level after moderate-intensity exercise was negatively correlated with RT during incompatible flanker tasks. The current findings suggest that children with ADHD have better inhibitory control following both low- and moderate-intensity exercises relative to vigorous aerobic exercise, which could be characterized by an optimal state of cortical arousal.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dose-Response Effects of Acute Aerobic Exercise Intensity on Inhibitory Control in Children With Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Tsai

Hsieh

Huang

et al. 2021

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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“…The relationship between alpha-band power and performance in tasks involving attentional and inhibitory control processes has been published in recent publications [ 14 - 16 , 71 , 72 ]. In order to clarify the relationship between the changes in inhibitory control and the possible changes in alpha band power—given its association with performance in inhibitory control tasks [ 14 , 15 ]—we completed a MEG registry of the participants of both groups. The results seem to indicate that there is a direct relationship (ρ=–0.56; P =.003) between the improvement in inhibitory control and the alpha-band power in the posterior brain areas.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In ADHD, the indices of inhibition, task switching, and emotional control appear to be related to relative power values of the alpha frequency band (7-13 Hz) in midline brain regions measured at resting state [ 14 , 15 ] and with performance in attentional tasks [ 16 ]. These patients consistently present a decrease in the alpha band in the central and posterior regions [ 17 - 24 ], as well as an increase in the theta frequency band (3-7 Hz) and the theta: beta ratio [ 17 - 21 , 25 - 28 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrophysiological Brain Changes Associated With Cognitive Improvement in a Pediatric Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Digital Artificial Intelligence-Driven Intervention: Randomized Controlled Trial

Medina¹,

Bouhaben²,

Ramón³

et al. 2021

J Med Internet Res

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Background Cognitive stimulation therapy appears to show promising results in the rehabilitation of impaired cognitive processes in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Objective Encouraged by this evidence and the ever-increasing use of technology and artificial intelligence for therapeutic purposes, we examined whether cognitive stimulation therapy implemented on a mobile device and controlled by an artificial intelligence engine can be effective in the neurocognitive rehabilitation of these patients. Methods In this randomized study, 29 child participants (25 males) underwent training with a smart, digital, cognitive stimulation program (KAD_SCL_01) or with 3 commercial video games for 12 weeks, 3 days a week, 15 minutes a day. Participants completed a neuropsychological assessment and a preintervention and postintervention magnetoencephalography study in a resting state with their eyes closed. In addition, information on clinical symptoms was collected from the child´s legal guardians. Results In line with our main hypothesis, we found evidence that smart, digital, cognitive treatment results in improvements in inhibitory control performance. Improvements were also found in visuospatial working memory performance and in the cognitive flexibility, working memory, and behavior and general executive functioning behavioral clinical indexes in this group of participants. Finally, the improvements found in inhibitory control were related to increases in alpha-band power in all participants in the posterior regions, including 2 default mode network regions of the interest: the bilateral precuneus and the bilateral posterior cingulate cortex. However, only the participants who underwent cognitive stimulation intervention (KAD_SCL_01) showed a significant increase in this relationship. Conclusions The results seem to indicate that smart, digital treatment can be effective in the inhibitory control and visuospatial working memory rehabilitation in patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Furthermore, the relation of the inhibitory control with alpha-band power changes could mean that these changes are a product of plasticity mechanisms or changes in the neuromodulatory dynamics. Trial Registration ISRCTN Registry ISRCTN71041318; https://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN71041318

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“…Through real-time visualization of specific aspects of brain electrical activity (e.g., alpha power), participants can learn to selfregulate their brain activity to increase or reduce specific frequency components known to underpin functional/behavioral abnormalities [4]. Abnormal EEG activity is common in children with AD/HD, generally manifesting as increased slowwave activity and decreased fast-wave activity [5][6][7], and is associated with state-regulation dysfunction and executive function deficits [8][9][10][11]. Targeted self-regulating training can provide neural functional recovery [12] and improved symptoms [13][14][15] with medium to large intervention effects [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A randomized controlled study of remote computerized cognitive, neurofeedback, and combined training in the treatment of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Luo

Guo

Zhao

et al. 2022

Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry

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There is an increasing interest in non-pharmacological treatments for children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (AD/HD), especially digital techniques that can be remotely delivered, such as neurofeedback (NFT) and computerized cognitive training (CCT). In this study, a randomized controlled design was used to compare training outcomes between remotely delivered NFT, CCT, and combined NFT/CCT training approaches. A total of 121 children with AD/HD were randomly assigned to the NFT, CCT, or NFT/CCT training groups, with 80 children completing the training program. Pre- and post-training symptoms (primary outcome), executive and daily functions were measured using questionnaires as well as resting EEG during eyes-closed (EC) and eyes-open (EO) conditions. After 3 months of training, the inattentive and hyperactive/impulsive symptoms, inhibition, working memory, learning and life skills of the three groups of children were significantly improved. The objective EEG activity showed a consistent increase in the relative alpha power in the EO condition among the three training groups. Training differences were not observed between groups. There was a positive correlation between pre-training EO relative alpha power and symptom improvement scores of inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity, as well as a negative correlation between pre-training inattention scores and change in EO relative alpha. This study verified the training effects of NFT, CCT, and combined NFT/CCT training in children with AD/HD and revealed an objective therapeutic role for individual relative alpha activity. The verified feasibility and effectiveness of home-based digital training support promotion and application of digital remote training. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00787-022-01956-1.

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The role of resting-state EEG localized activation and central nervous system arousal in executive function performance in children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Cited by 19 publications

References 60 publications

Dose-Response Effects of Acute Aerobic Exercise Intensity on Inhibitory Control in Children With Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Dose-Response Effects of Acute Aerobic Exercise Intensity on Inhibitory Control in Children With Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Electrophysiological Brain Changes Associated With Cognitive Improvement in a Pediatric Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Digital Artificial Intelligence-Driven Intervention: Randomized Controlled Trial

A randomized controlled study of remote computerized cognitive, neurofeedback, and combined training in the treatment of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

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