The Role of Resolvins, Protectins and Marensins in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD)

Kang

et al. 2022

Foods

Turbo cornutus, the horned turban sea snail, is found along the intertidal and basaltic shorelines and is an important fishery resource of Jeju Island. In this study, we performed a preliminary study on anti-inflammatory effect of 70% ethanol extract obtained from T. cornutus viscera (TVE) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 cells in vitro and zebrafish embryos in vivo. TVE reduced the production of LPS-stimulated nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) without any toxic effects. TVE also decreased the protein expression of LPS-induced inducible NO synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 and suppressed the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-1β. Furthermore, mechanistic studies indicated that TVE suppressed c-Jun N-terminal kinase phosphorylation and nuclear factor-kB activation. In zebrafish embryos, TVE did not show developmental toxicity based on the survival rate and cell death findings. In LPS-stimulated zebrafish embryos, TVE suppressed NO production and cell death. In conclusion, the result from this preliminary study showed TVE has a potential anti-inflammatory property that can be exploited as a functional food ingredient.

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Turbo cornutus Viscera Ethanolic Extract against Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated Inflammatory Response via the Regulation of the JNK/NF-kB Signaling Pathway in Murine Macrophage RAW 264.7 Cells and a Zebrafish Model: A Preliminary Study

Kang

et al. 2022

Foods

“…Protectins (PD) are SPM-derived from ω-3 PUFA docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and n-3 docosapentaenoic acid (n-3 DPA) [ 268 ]. Protectin/neuroprotectin D1 (PD1/NPD1) have been found to have protective effects on kidneys and liver [ 269 ].…”

Section: Both ω-6 and ω-3 Pufa Generate Specialized Pro-resolving Med...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Glomerular Biomechanical Stress and Lipid Mediators during Cellular Changes Leading to Chronic Kidney Disease

et al. 2022

Hyperfiltration is an important underlying cause of glomerular dysfunction associated with several systemic and intrinsic glomerular conditions leading to chronic kidney disease (CKD). These include obesity, diabetes, hypertension, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), congenital abnormalities and reduced renal mass (low nephron number). Hyperfiltration-associated biomechanical forces directly impact the cell membrane, generating tensile and fluid flow shear stresses in multiple segments of the nephron. Ongoing research suggests these biomechanical forces as the initial mediators of hyperfiltration-induced deterioration of podocyte structure and function leading to their detachment and irreplaceable loss from the glomerular filtration barrier. Membrane lipid-derived polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and their metabolites are potent transducers of biomechanical stress from the cell surface to intracellular compartments. Omega-6 and ω-3 long-chain PUFA from membrane phospholipids generate many versatile and autacoid oxylipins that modulate pro-inflammatory as well as anti-inflammatory autocrine and paracrine signaling. We advance the idea that lipid signaling molecules, related enzymes, metabolites and receptors are not just mediators of cellular stress but also potential targets for developing novel interventions. With the growing emphasis on lifestyle changes for wellness, dietary fatty acids are potential adjunct-therapeutics to minimize/treat hyperfiltration-induced progressive glomerular damage and CKD.

“…Additionally, pro-inflammatory dietary components have been demonstrated to have a role in promoting NAFLD. Studies have shown that it is the balance between n-6 and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in the blood and liver, which is closely associated with the severity of NAFLD [ 23 ]. n-6 PUFAs are classified as proinflammatory, whereas n-3 PUFAs have more anti-inflammatory properties.…”

Section: Nafld Risk Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Progressive Liver Fibrosis in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Ramai

Facciorusso

Vigandt

et al. 2021

Cells

Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a chronic and progressive form of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Its global incidence is increasing and makes NASH an epidemic and a public health threat. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is associated with major morbidity and mortality, with a heavy burden on quality of life and liver transplant requirements. Due to repeated insults to the liver, patients are at risk for developing hepatocellular carcinoma. The progression of NASH was initially defined according to a two-hit model involving an initial development of steatosis, followed by a process of lipid peroxidation and inflammation. In contrast, current evidence proposes a “multi-hit” or “multi-parallel hit” model that includes multiple pathways promoting progressive fibrosis and oncogenesis. This model includes multiple cellular, genetic, immunological, metabolic, and endocrine pathways leading to hepatocellular carcinoma development, underscoring the complexity of this disease.