The role of renewable energy in the global energy transformation

Gielen, Dolf; Boshell, Francisco; Saygin, Deǧer; Bazilian, Morgan; Wagner, Nicholas; Gorini, Ricardo

doi:10.1016/j.esr.2019.01.006

Cited by 2,726 publications

(1,001 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Renewable energy can be used in a variety of processes, which solar thermal energy, wind energy and geothermal energy are widely used in various thermal projects such as air and water heating and desalination sites (Foster et al 2009;Tabak 2009). The contribution of renewable energy in total primary energy supply would rise from 14% in 2015 to 63% in 2050 (by 2050, wind and solar account for over 70% of total renewables generation), while CO 2 emissions from energy section increase by 33 Gt in -35 Gt in 2050(Ummel and Wheeler 2008Gielen et al 2019). Figure 20 indicates the projected power generation by energy resources.…”

Section: Renewable Energymentioning

confidence: 99%

Hybrid renewable energy systems for desalination

Esmaeilion¹

2020

Appl Water Sci

126

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Water and energy are two key factors in human life that always control the growth and development of human societies. Climate changes, increasing the population in urban areas and industrialization, have increased the demands for freshwater around the world. Estimates show that a small percentage of all freshwater produced in the world is from renewable sources. By developing the technology, lowering equipment prices and increasing attention to the environmental problems of fossil fuels, utilizing renewable energy is growing. By providing a wide variety of conventional desalination methods driven by various types of renewable energy technologies in the world, water and energy legislators should choose different methods to meet the needs based on the local potentials by paying attention to the desalination processes and power systems. In some cases, concentrated solar power for thermal desalination or electricity generated by the photovoltaic plants for membrane desalination systems can be used in arid areas. Definitely, the most problem of using renewable sources is their unsteady natures, which using storage systems or combining with other renewable sources can solve this problem. This chapter provides extensive information about renewables, desalination and performance analysis of power systems. Reverse osmosis technique is a practical process in desalination which 69% of desalination plants use this system. Solar energy is an important source of energy for hybrid systems. The geothermal has a steady performance at a specified depth. Ultimately, obtained results from energy and exergy analysis would have provided a better insight.

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Section: Renewable Energymentioning

confidence: 99%

Hybrid renewable energy systems for desalination

Esmaeilion¹

2020

Appl Water Sci

126

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“…A reduction in access to water, food availability, land use are the main threats of climate change to the life expectancy of human populations. Therefore, minimizing CO 2 emissions through the reduction of fossil fuel consumption and the increase in the use of renewable energy is essential [35]. CO2 emissions were the main contributor to climate change in a period between 1750-2005 [33,34].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Trends of the Energy Intensity and CO2 Emissions Related to Final Energy Consumption in Ecuador: Scenarios of National and Worldwide Strategies

Arroyo

Miguel

2019

Sustainability

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Climate change and global warming are related to the demand for energy, energy efficiency, and CO 2 emissions. In this research, in order to project the trends in final energy demand, energy intensity, and CO 2 emission production in Ecuador during a period between 2000 and 2030, a model has been developed based on the dynamics of the systems supported by Vensim simulation models. The energy matrix of Ecuador has changed in recent years, giving more importance to hydropower. It is conclusive that, if industrialized country policies or trends on the use of renewable energy and energy efficiency were applied, the production of CO 2 emissions by 2030 in Ecuador would reach 42,191.4 KTCO 2 , a value well below the 75,182.6 KTCO 2 that would be seen if the current conditions are maintained. In the same way, by 2030, energy intensity would be reduced to 54% compared to the beginning of the simulation period.Between 1750 and 2011, cumulative anthropogenic CO 2 emissions to the atmosphere were 2040 ± 310 GTCO 2 . About 40% of these emissions have remained in the atmosphere (880 ± 35 GTCO 2 ) [5]; the rest have been removed from the atmosphere and stored on land (in plants and soils) and in the ocean. People's life expectancy is threatened by climate change through the limitation of access to water, food, medical care, and land. Therefore, it is important to reduce the consumption of fossil fuels and increase the use of renewable energy in order to minimize CO 2 emissions [13].Sustainability of power systems with high renewable energy penetration rates is a topic of major interest, especially when considering the intermittency of renewable energy source (RES) production and the actual growing trend of energy consumption [6]. The transition from fossil fuels to RESs is an indispensable necessity if sustainable socio-economic systems are to be realized. RES variability now represents a major challenge when it comes to upgrading power systems. From a social and economic perspective, the RES share in meeting electricity demand has shown a steady growth [7]. The increasing renewable energy share in electricity generation as a result of several factors such as environmental constraints, technical and economic aspects, or social implications has led to a corresponding reduction in total CO 2 emissions [8].The energy return on investment (EROI) metric includes factors affecting the whole energy system that are not accounted for by the monetary costs of individual power plants (such as additional costs for the system related to distribution, intermittency of RES, etc.) [14][15][16][17][18][19][20]. The transition to new energy resources and to new energy conversion and storage devices will affect the fraction of energy reinvestment, which could have significant economic impacts [21][22][23][24][25][26]. Those RESs with a higher potential (i.e., wind, and solar) have been generally found to have a lower EROI standard (EROIst) than fossil fuels, especially when incorporating the energy costs of dealing with intermittency [9].Energy ...

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“…Nowadays, the large-scale installation of distribution generation (DG) of different types, including wind and photovoltaic (PV) farms, has significantly impacted the operation and planning of low voltage networks. The International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) reported that global renewable energy prices would be reduced to the cost range of traditional fossil fuels generation [1]. Most developed countries have launched their plans to support the development of renewable energies due to their environmental benefits.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal Conductor Size Selection in Distribution Networks with High Penetration of Distributed Generation Using Adaptive Genetic Algorithm

Zhao¹,

Mutale²

2019

Energies

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The widespread deployment of distributed generation (DG) has significantly impacted the planning and operation of current distribution networks. The environmental benefits and the reduced installation cost have been the primary drivers for the investment in large-scale wind farms and photovoltaics (PVs). However, the distribution network operators (DNOs) face the challenge of conductor upgrade and selection problems due to the increasing capacity of DG. In this paper, a hybrid optimization approach is introduced to solve the optimal conductor size selection (CSS) problem in the distribution network with high penetration of DGs. An adaptive genetic algorithm (AGA) is employed as the primary optimization strategy to find the optimal conductor sizes for distribution networks. The aim of the proposed approach is to minimize the sum of life-cycle cost (LCC) of the selected conductor and the total energy procurement cost during the expected operation periods. Alternating current optimal power flow (AC-OPF) analysis is applied as the secondary optimization strategy to capture the economic dispatch (ED) and return the results to the primary optimization process when a certain conductor arrangement is assigned by AGA. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm for optimal CSS is validated through simulations on modified IEEE 33-bus and IEEE 69-bus distribution systems.

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The role of renewable energy in the global energy transformation

Cited by 2,726 publications

References 34 publications

Hybrid renewable energy systems for desalination

Hybrid renewable energy systems for desalination

The Trends of the Energy Intensity and CO2 Emissions Related to Final Energy Consumption in Ecuador: Scenarios of National and Worldwide Strategies

Optimal Conductor Size Selection in Distribution Networks with High Penetration of Distributed Generation Using Adaptive Genetic Algorithm

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