The Role of Relational Aggression in Identifying Aggressive Boys and Girls

Henington, Carlen; Hughes, Jan N.; Cavell, Timothy A.; Thompson, Bruce

doi:10.1016/s0022-4405(98)00015-6

Cited by 162 publications

(128 citation statements)

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“…In this paper we examine gender differences in aggressive behavior and the role of the self as a predictor of aggression. This research builds on earlier studies of relational versus overt forms of aggression in girls and boys (Crick, 1997;Crick, Casas, & Mosher, 1997;Henington, Hughes, Cavell, & Thompson, 1998;Rys & Bear, 1997) and studies on the link between the self, affect, and behavior (Higgins, Bond, Klein, & Strauman, 1986;Stein & Markus, 1994).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Self–other representations and relational and overt aggression in adolescent girls and boys*

Moretti

Holland²,

McKay

2001

Behavioral Sci & The Law

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Aggressive behavior in girls has received far less attention than similar problems in boys. This study examined self-representation, and others' representation of self, as predictors of relational aggression, overt aggression, and assaultive behavior in 32 girls and 52 boys, 10 to 17 years of age, referred for assessment due to significant aggres-sive and delinquent behavior problems. As predicted, negativity of self-representation predicted relational aggression in girls but not boys. Negativity of self-representation also predicted overt aggression and assaultive behavior in both girls and boys. Parental representations of self were not predictive in this sample; however, nega-tivity of peer representations of self, was associated with increased relational aggression in girls and decreased relational aggression in boys. Negativity of peer represen-tations of self also predicted overt aggression and assaul-tive behavior in both girls and boys. Results suggest that the evaluation of self-other representations may be valuable in the assessment of risk for gender specific patterns of aggression.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Self–other representations and relational and overt aggression in adolescent girls and boys*

Moretti

Holland²,

McKay

2001

Behavioral Sci & The Law

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“…Recent evidence from Statistics Canada suggests that the violent crime rate for girls has doubled over the past ten years, currently reflecting approximately 8% of the officially reported total adolescent violent crime rate. In the United States the general crime rate for adolescent girls has increased to a similar extent and is increasing at a much higher rate than for any other segment of the population (Henington, Hughes, Cavell, & Thompson, 1998) with the percentage of girls involved in violent crime increasing by 103% during the period from 1984 to 1993. However, it should be remembered that adolescent boys continue to commit the vast majority of violent crime with a prevalence ratio compared to adolescent girls of from 3:1 to 12:1 depending on the exact type of violent offence reported (Borduin & Schaeffer, 1998).…”

Section: Gendermentioning

confidence: 99%

The Correlates of Youth Violence: Evidence From the Literature

Leschied

2011

IJCYFS

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Abstract:This review provides a general presentation of the factors that are linked to youth violence. In general, these risk factors can include any of the following: pregnancy and delivery complications, emotion-related disorders, hyperactivity, concentration problems, restlessness, risk taking, aggressiveness, early initiation into violent behaviour and beliefs, and attitudes supportive to violent behaviour. What can increase our accuracy of prediction for youth violence is an appreciation of the systemic factors that interact with these individual risk factors. These can include factors within the family including: early family conditions related to poverty, abuse, a generally poor relationship between child and parent, and parental criminality. Peers also play a role in rewarding behaviour and attitudes supportive of youth violence. The implications for knowledge with respect to these correlates are highlighted in a review of promising programs that address youth violence.

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“…The first of these three concepts is relational aggression, a term coined by Crick (1993) to refer to behaviors used to damage other people's relationships, feelings of acceptance, and social inclusion. Relational aggression has also been applied to behaviors like a) indirectly excluding or socially manipulating a person by using another's relationship with that person as the vehicle for harm (Cullerton-Sen & Crick, 2005); b) actions such as keeping 2 someone out of a group, saying you will not be friends with someone, ignoring a person, telling rumors or lies about someone you are mad at (Henington, Hughes, Cavell, & Thompson, 1998); and c) threatening to end a friendship or no longer talking to someone, and deliberately excluding someone socially (Werner & Nixon, 2005).The second term, social aggression, used by Galen and Underwood (1997), Cairns, Cairns, Neckarman, Ferguson, and Gariepy (1989), and Xie, Cairns and Cairns (2002) refers to aggressive behavior that is intended to damage another person's selfesteem but does not focus on disrupting that person's social relationships. This kind of aggression is focused more on making targets feel badly about themselves or afraid for their own safety without directly engaging in directly attacking them.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Examining Sex Differences in the Use of Direct and Indirect Aggression

2008

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Direct and indirect aggressive behaviors were studied using surveys and interviews of students in two public schools. The variables of "sex-of-aggressor" and "sex-of-target were included. Claims in previous research that girls engage in far more indirect aggression than boys are not supported. Further, it was found that girls are more likely to target the opposite sex with direct aggression than boys. This suggests more gender fluidity in the use of aggression by girls and adds to a growing body of research that dispels the notion that direct and indirect aggression can be neatly sorted into male and female categories of behavior.Keywords: aggression, sex differences, direct aggression, indirect aggression, prevalence and preferences for forms of aggression, sex of target 1 This article reports on research that calls into question the notion that the use of aggression and violence can be neatly categorized according to sex and that girls generally employ indirect forms of aggression while boys generally employ direct forms of aggression.Whether the focus of inquiry is physical or verbal observable aggression, as it was for much of the twentieth century (Vaillancourt 2005), or non-observable aggression (a form of aggression that has garnered much interest especially in those focusing on female use of aggression), Gendreau and Archer (2005) Research on non-observable aggression like shunning, deliberate exclusion, gossip or rumor mongering, the silent treatment and the like, has thus far employed three different concepts or terms (see Vaillancourt, 2005 for a thorough discussion). The first of these three concepts is relational aggression, a term coined by Crick (1993) to refer to behaviors used to damage other people's relationships, feelings of acceptance, and social inclusion. Relational aggression has also been applied to behaviors like a) indirectly excluding or socially manipulating a person by using another's relationship with that person as the vehicle for harm (Cullerton-Sen & Crick, 2005); b) actions such as keeping 2 someone out of a group, saying you will not be friends with someone, ignoring a person, telling rumors or lies about someone you are mad at (Henington, Hughes, Cavell, & Thompson, 1998); and c) threatening to end a friendship or no longer talking to someone, and deliberately excluding someone socially (Werner & Nixon, 2005).The second term, social aggression, used by Galen and Underwood (1997), Cairns, Cairns, Neckarman, Ferguson, and Gariepy (1989), and Xie, Cairns and Cairns (2002) refers to aggressive behavior that is intended to damage another person's selfesteem but does not focus on disrupting that person's social relationships. This kind of aggression is focused more on making targets feel badly about themselves or afraid for their own safety without directly engaging in directly attacking them.The third concept, indirect aggression, coined in the late 1980s by Lagerspetz, Björkqvist and Peltonen (1988), refers to a form of aggression in which "the instigator manipulates o...

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The Role of Relational Aggression in Identifying Aggressive Boys and Girls

Cited by 162 publications

References 19 publications

Self–other representations and relational and overt aggression in adolescent girls and boys*

Self–other representations and relational and overt aggression in adolescent girls and boys*

The Correlates of Youth Violence: Evidence From the Literature

Examining Sex Differences in the Use of Direct and Indirect Aggression

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