The Role of Reference Materials and Reference Methods in Chemical Analysis

Uriano, George A.; Gravatt, C. C.; Morrison, George H.

doi:10.1080/10408347708085697

Cited by 117 publications

(59 citation statements)

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“…Reference materials may thus be utilized to infer that laboratories that can produce acceptable measurement results with a specific reference material are intercalibrated with other laboratories that have also been able to produce acceptable results. 21,22 Since 1968, 17 Monitor quality control cigarettes, “reference” cigarettes and smokeless tobacco products have been produced and made available to researchers by CORESTA and the University of Kentucky for analytical chemistry and toxicology testing. 23–25 In addition, 9 smokeless tobacco “reference” products are currently distributed by North Carolina State University.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of SPECTRUM Variable Nicotine Research Cigarettes

et al. 2016

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Objective To provide researchers an extensive characterization of the SPECTRUM variable nicotine research cigarettes. Methods Data on cigarette physical properties, nicotine content, harmful and potentially harmful constituents in the tobacco filler was compiled. Results Data on physical properties, concentrations of menthol, nicotine and minor alkaloids, tobacco-specific nitrosamines, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, ammonia, and toxic metals in the filler tobacco for all available varieties of Spectrum research cigarettes are provided. The similarity in the chemistry and physical properties of SPECTRUM cigarettes to commercial cigarettes renders them acceptable for use in behavioral studies. Baseline information on harmful and potentially harmful constituents in research tobacco products, particularly constituent levels such as minor alkaloids that fall outside typical ranges reported for commercial, provide researchers with the opportunity to monitor smoking behavior and to identify biomarkers that will inform efforts to understand the role of nicotine in creating and sustaining addiction. Conclusions Well characterized research cigarettes suitable for human consumption are an important tool in clinical studies for investigating the physiological impacts of cigarettes delivering various levels of nicotine, the impact of reduced nicotine cigarettes on nicotine addiction, and the relationship between nicotine dose and smoking behavior.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of SPECTRUM Variable Nicotine Research Cigarettes

et al. 2016

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“…The measurement -a quantified comparison by difference or ratio between two values of the same quantityshall conform to well-accepted principles of the chemical profession and good measurement practice [12][13][14].…”

Section: The Measurementmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…13 Protocols may require a k factor of 2, a choice preferred by some laboratories and obligatory in many accreditation programs. That kp2 value approximates to a "confidence limit" of 95%, used in past descriptions of "possible error" 14 The distinction between the two categories of uncertainties (types A and B) is based on the method of their evaluation. Those of type A, but not those of type B, can be evaluated by statistical methods [6].…”

Section: The Uncertaintymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Its components should be carefully estimated, and may be stated in standard uncertainties, but expanded uncertainties can have great utility, provided the k factor is carefully chosen and indicated [2,4,6] 13 . All supposable uncertainty sources (of types A and B) 14 , must be considered. Uncertainty components are concerned with contaminations, matrix effects, corrections, lack of stability or of stoichiometry, impurities in reagents, instrument non-linearities and calibrations, inherent uncertainties in standard methods, and uncertainties from subsample selection.…”

Section: The Uncertaintymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Protocols for traceability in chemical analysis

Bièvre

Kaarls²,

Peiser

et al. 1997

Accreditation and Quality Assurance

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The authors propose definitions and terminology for protocols on traceability links, generally to the international system of units, for specific chemical-analytical measurements in accordance with recognized principles of science. These definitions and terms could be useful in science, technology, commerce or law. A chain of such links leads from a measurand in a sample up to a unit in the International System of Units or, if unavailable, to a value on an internationally recognized measurement scale. The quality of such a chain is quantified by combining all recognized uncertainties estimated for all its links. These uncertainties of the measured values arise from many potential error sources. The protocols should give details of specific uses of reference materials, measuring instruments and standard measurement methods.

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“…* A CRM is defined as "an RM, one or more of whose property values are certified by a technically valid procedure, accompanied by or traceable to a certificate or other documentation which is issued by a certifying body". Among publications providing an overview of the background, concepts and roles of RMs, the following may be listed: Cali et al (1975), Uriano and Gravatt (1977), Taylor (1993), Ihnat (1988aIhnat ( , 1993Ihnat ( , 1998a, and Stoeppler et al (2001). With respect to chemical analysis, the relevant properties are chemical composition, and thus RMs (this general term is intended to include CRMs) characterized with respect to chemical composition (inorganic, organic, speciation) are of pertinence.…”

Section: Data Quality Assurancementioning

confidence: 99%

Analytical Chemistry of Element Determination (Non‐Nuclear and Nuclear)

Ihnat¹

2004

Elements and Their Compounds in the Environment

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The Role of Reference Materials and Reference Methods in Chemical Analysis

Cited by 117 publications

References 0 publications

Characterization of SPECTRUM Variable Nicotine Research Cigarettes

Characterization of SPECTRUM Variable Nicotine Research Cigarettes

Protocols for traceability in chemical analysis

Analytical Chemistry of Element Determination (Non‐Nuclear and Nuclear)

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