The role of radiology in head and neck tumours in children

Lloyd, Claire; McHugh, Kieran

doi:10.1102/1470-7330.2010.0003

Cited by 68 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…The center of a myofibroma may appear mildly hyperintense on T1-weighted images. Enhancement often is intense, and these lesions occasionally demonstrate a targetlike enhancement pattern (8,37).…”

Section: Myofibromamentioning

confidence: 98%

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Soft Tissue Tumors of the Head and Neck: Imaging-based Review of the WHO Classification

Razek

Huang²

2011

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126

108

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The World Health Organization (WHO) system for defining and classifying soft tissue tumors is usually applied to lesions that occur in the trunk and extremities, but it also provides an excellent framework for characterizing nonepithelial extraskeletal tumors of the head and neck. Although nonepithelial extraskeletal tumors are in the minority among head and neck lesions, they are by no means rare. The WHO classification system recognizes nine major types based on histologic differentiation: adipocytic, fibroblastic or myofibroblastic, fibrohistiocytic, smooth muscle, skeletal muscle, vascular, pericytic, and chondro-osseous tumors, as well as soft tissue tumors of uncertain differentiation. Tumors of each histologic type may be further subclassified on the basis of their biologic behavior as benign, intermediate (ie, having malignant potential), or malignant. Imaging plays an important role in the noninvasive diagnosis and characterization of nonepithelial soft tissue tumors of the head and neck, providing clues about tumor grade, composition, extent, and involvement of adjacent structures. Although the imaging characteristics of many such tumors are nonspecific, consideration of the clinical history in concert with the imaging findings may help limit the differential diagnosis or even allow reliable diagnosis of some of these tumors.

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Section: Myofibromamentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Nonetheless, differentiation is important because the prognosis and therapeutic strategy differ according to the tumor type (2,6,(8)(9)(10)(11)(12). Soft tissue tumors of the head and neck are frequently evaluated with imaging before biopsy or surgical resection is performed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soft Tissue Tumors of the Head and Neck: Imaging-based Review of the WHO Classification

Razek

Huang²

2011

RadioGraphics

126

108

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“…MRIs are a useful tool to assess soft tissue detail and to demonstrate any intracranial extension or skull base involvement [6]. The cystic components are often hypointense to isointense on T1-weighted images and hyperintense on T2-weighted images [7]. Other differential diagnoses for cystic lesions with septae include that of multiloculated cystic hygromas or branchial cleft cysts.…”

Section: Case Reportmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnostic Dilemma of a Mature Parapharyngeal Teratoma in an Infant

Pang¹,

Kk²

2017

Clin Med Rev Case Rep

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Cervical and parapharyngeal teratomas are rare but possible causes for respiratory distress in neonates. They can also present as cystic masses in the neck and can be clinically indistinguishable from lymphatic malformations. Physicians must be cognizant of teratoma as an alternate diagnosis when faced with a cystic neck lesion that responds poorly to injection sclerotherapy. We present a case of a parapharyngeal teratoma which was initially diagnosed and treated as a lymphatic malformation.from the skull base to cricoid suggestive of a lymphatic malformation ( Figure 1). The patient was referred to a second institution where the scans were reviewed and the diagnosis of a possible lymphatic malformation was confirmed. The patient was then planned for injection sclerotherapy.The child underwent sclerotherapy injection without tissue biopsy in 2 stages with minimal clinical and radiological resolution of the mass over 6 weeks. Initial cytology from aspiration and histology from a postnasal mass biopsy showed non-malignant cells and mucinous material respectively. At one month of age, after a second unsuccessful sclerotherapy injection, he underwent a second postnasal space biopsy, debulking of the nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal components of the mass and a tracheostomy. Histology was suggestive of nasal glial heterotropia. Surgical excision was then planned. A repeat MRI scan was performed, again showing a large multi-cystic parapharyngeal lesion causing mass effect but without intracranial extension (Figure 2). At this stage, diagnosis of teratoma was also considered as a high possibility. A formal excision was then carried out using a cervical incision at 4 months of age (Figure 3). Final histology showed a mature teratoma. In addition to glial tissue, the specimen sections showed mature adipose tissue, bone with marrow elements, stratified squamous epithelium and skin adnexal structures, respiratory mucosa and focal choroid plexus and cerebellar tissue-features not seen in the previous biopsy.

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“…However, lymphoma is 1 of the most common malignancies involving the extracranial head and neck. 12 Hodgkin's lymphoma presents more commonly in adolescents whereas non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) predominates in children aged <10 years. Primary NHL of the bone occurs <3% to 9% of the time in the pediatric population and at 0.6% in the mandible in the overall population.…”

Section: Question: Based On These Laboratory and Radiologic Fi Ndingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…11,12 Approximately 1% of the cases reveal no primary tumor but instead present as metastatic disease. 12 Given that the patient presented normotensive, with no abdominal mass, periorbital ecchymosis, or any autonomic symptoms, neuroblastoma was less likely, but urine catecholamine levels were analyzed to rule out that remote possibility.…”

Section: Question: Based On These Laboratory and Radiologic Fi Ndingsmentioning

confidence: 99%