The role of radiation therapy in the treatment of metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer

Rose, Jim; Crook, Juanita

doi:10.1177/1756287215576647

Cited by 13 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 115 publications

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“…External beam radiotherapy (EBRT) is effective for palliation of BMs. A variety of doses and fractionation schedules were described, but of note that rates of response, pathological fracture, and spinal cord compression are similar, relatively independent of the regimen 67. Besides pain, the risk for pathological fracture and neurological complications such as spinal cord compression, nerve root pain, or cranial involvement are indications for radiation.…”

Section: Systemic Treatment Of Bmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current concepts and trends in the treatment of bone metastases in patients with advanced prostate cancer

Hegemann¹,

Maas²,

Rausch³

et al. 2019

Asian J Androl

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Bone metastases have a major impact on quality of life and survival of patients with advanced prostate cancer. In the last decade, the development and approval of substances inhibiting the vicious cycle of bone metastases have enabled the reduction of complications caused by bone metastases in patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer. These drugs have raised awareness of the importance of skeletal-related events which in the meantime represent an important end point also in trials using agents not specifically designed for bone lesions. Second-generation antihormonal drugs such as enzalutamide or abiraterone have been shown to have a positive impact on the incidence of skeletal complications and therefore provide an important tool in the armamentarium used for treating bone metastases. Radiopharmaceuticals such as radium-223 dichloride ([223Ra]) have been demonstrated not only to reduce skeletal-related events and bone-related pain, but also to prolong overall survival, thereby being the first bone-targeting agent showing a survival benefit. As previous studies have not provided an obvious benefit of bone-targeted lesions in castration-sensitive disease, the use of these agents is not recommended. In oligometastatic prostate cancer, the role of local treatment of metastases using stereotactic radiation or radiosurgery is a matter of intense debates and may play an increasing role in the future.

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Section: Systemic Treatment Of Bmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current concepts and trends in the treatment of bone metastases in patients with advanced prostate cancer

Hegemann¹,

Maas²,

Rausch³

et al. 2019

Asian J Androl

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“…Localized RT, using ionizing radiation, is the most common therapeutic option recommended for the treatment of ~60% of non-metastatic cancer patients [ 2 , 3 , 4 ]. RT has led to high cure and improved survival rates; however, this is mitigated by the associated toxicities that decrease the quality of life for survivors as ~10% of patients suffer significant toxicity because of adverse side effects [ 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Radiation Induced Therapeutic Effect and Cytotoxicity in Cancer Patients Based on Transcriptomic Profiling

Karim

Mirza

Chaudhary

et al. 2016

IJMS

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Toxicity induced by radiation therapy is a curse for cancer patients undergoing treatment. It is imperative to understand and define an ideal condition where the positive effects notably outweigh the negative. We used a microarray meta-analysis approach to measure global gene-expression before and after radiation exposure. Bioinformatic tools were used for pathways, network, gene ontology and toxicity related studies. We found 429 differentially expressed genes at fold change >2 and p-value <0.05. The most significantly upregulated genes were synuclein alpha (SNCA), carbonic anhydrase I (CA1), X-linked Kx blood group (XK), glycophorin A and B (GYPA and GYPB), and hemogen (HEMGN), while downregulated ones were membrane-spanning 4-domains, subfamily A member 1 (MS4A1), immunoglobulin heavy constant mu (IGHM), chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 7 (CCR7), BTB and CNC homology 1 transcription factor 2 (BACH2), and B-cell CLL/lymphoma 11B (BCL11B). Pathway analysis revealed calcium-induced T lymphocyte apoptosis and the role of nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NFAT) in regulation of the immune response as the most inhibited pathways, while apoptosis signaling was significantly activated. Most of the normal biofunctions were significantly decreased while cell death and survival process were activated. Gene ontology enrichment analysis revealed the immune system process as the most overrepresented group under the biological process category. Toxicity function analysis identified liver, kidney and heart to be the most affected organs during and after radiation therapy. The identified biomarkers and alterations in molecular pathways induced by radiation therapy should be further investigated to reduce the cytotoxicity and development of fatigue.

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“… 1 In the USA alone, the estimated yearly new cases of prostate cancer were over 220,000 and the estimated yearly death from prostate cancer was over 25,000 in 2015. 1 While patients with prostate cancer may be treated with several efficient therapies, including immunotherapy, 2 radiation therapy, 3 or surgery, 4 understanding the molecular mechanisms of human prostate cancer, developing early diagnostic methods or noninvasive focal therapies for patients with prostate cancer are still the greatest challenge ahead.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

MicroRNA-125a-5p regulates cancer cell proliferation and migration through NAIF1 in prostate carcinoma

Cao

2015

OTT

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BackgroundWe investigated the functional roles of microRNA-125a-5p in regulating human prostate carcinoma.MethodsQuantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was conducted to evaluate the gene expression levels of miR-125a-5p in eight prostate cancer cell lines and nine biopsy specimens from patients with prostate cancer. miR-125a-5p was genetically knocked down in prostate cancer cell lines, DU145 and VCaP cells by lentiviral transduction. The effects of miR-125a-5p downregulation on prostate cancer cell proliferation and migration were evaluated by MTT assay and transwell assay, respectively. Direct regulation of miR-125a-5p on its downstream targets, NAIF1, and apoptotic gene caspase-3 were evaluated through dual-luciferase reporter assay, qRT-PCR, and Western blot, respectively. NAIF1 was then ectopically overexpressed in DU145 and VCaP cells to modulate prostate cancer cell proliferation and migration. Finally, the effects of miR-125a-5p downregulation or NAIF1 overexpression on the growth of in vivo prostate cancer xenograft were evaluated.ResultsmiR-125a-5p was upregulated in prostate cancer cell lines and human prostate carcinomas. Lentivirus induced miR-125a-5p downregulation in DU145 and VCaP cells inhibited prostate cancer cell proliferation or migration. NAIF1 was the direct target of miR-125a-5p, as both gene and protein expression levels of NAIF1, as well as caspase-3 were upregulated by miR-125a-5p. Forced overexpression of NAIF1 had similar antitumor effects as miR-125a-5p downregulation on prostate cancer cell proliferation and migration. In vivo prostate xenograft assay confirmed the tumor-suppressive effect of miR-125a-5p downregulation or NAIF1 overexpression.ConclusionmiR-125a-5p regulates prostate cancer cell proliferation and migration through NAIF1.

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The role of radiation therapy in the treatment of metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer

Cited by 13 publications

References 115 publications

Current concepts and trends in the treatment of bone metastases in patients with advanced prostate cancer

Current concepts and trends in the treatment of bone metastases in patients with advanced prostate cancer

Assessment of Radiation Induced Therapeutic Effect and Cytotoxicity in Cancer Patients Based on Transcriptomic Profiling

MicroRNA-125a-5p regulates cancer cell proliferation and migration through NAIF1 in prostate carcinoma

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