The Role of Public-Sector Research in the Discovery of Drugs and Vaccines

Stevens, Ashley J.; Jensen, Jonathan J.; Wyller, Katrine; Kilgore, Patrick C.; Chatterjee, Sabarni K; Rohrbaugh, Mark L.

doi:10.1056/nejmsa1008268

Cited by 187 publications

(140 citation statements)

References 7 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

126

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…The centrality of academic centers and public funding in pharmaceutical development has been noted in other studies. 27 However, it is frequently challenged by those who argue that research within companies is the main source of innovative drug products. 3,28,29 This claim has been used to justify high prescription drug prices, especially in the United States, to support the continuing supply of innovative products.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Roles Of Academia, Rare Diseases, And Repurposing In The Development Of The Most Transformative Drugs

2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Transformative drugs, defined as pharmaceuticals that are both innovative and have groundbreaking effects on patient care, are the "holy grail" of drug research and development. The sources of drug innovation are often debated, with pharmaceutical manufacturers arguing that high drug prices support innovative output from their sector. We studied the developmental histories of twenty-six drugs or drug classes approved by the Food and Drug Administration between 1984 and 2009 that were judged by expert physicians to be transformative (in two cases, the first drug in a transformative class was approved before 1984). Most of the twenty-six were first approved early in the study period; only four were approved in 2000 or later. Many were based on discoveries made by academic researchers who were supported by federal government funding. Others were jointly developed in both publicly funded and commercial institutions; the fewest number of drugs had originated solely within pharmaceutical industry research programs. Nine of the twenty-six (35 percent) were repurposed from products developed for other indications, and ten (38 percent) were developed for rare diseases before much broader applicability was found. The insights from these case studies provide an experience-based foundation for policies to encourage the development of future transformative drugs.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Roles Of Academia, Rare Diseases, And Repurposing In The Development Of The Most Transformative Drugs

2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Indeed, one recent study found that publicly funded research formed the foundation for almost all the newuse FDA approvals that were examined. 6 Going forward, the public sector's role is likely to increase -the new National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences at the National Institutes of Health has explicitly embraced the search for new uses in a number of the programs it is funding.…”

Section: T He Drug Price Competitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use Patents, Carve-Outs, and Incentives — A New Battle in the Drug-Patent Wars

Arti

2012

N Engl J Med

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…The research conducted by Zycher et al shows also that, public research institutions have contributed to the discovery of 9,3% to 21,2% of all drugs involved in new-drugs applications approved during the period from 1990-2007. These proportions are higher than those identified before [21]. The examined data also suggest that public research institutions in USA tend to discover drugs that are expected to have a disproportionately important clinical effect.…”

Section: Basic Research In Use -New Growth Areasmentioning

confidence: 78%

“…Zycher et al [21] found that at least 80% of 35 major drugs were based on scientific discoveries made by public institutions. Toole found a quantifiable correlation between investment in publicly funded basic research and corporately funded applied research: 1% increase in the funding in public basic research led to increase of 1,8% in the number of successful applications for new molecular entities in the lag of 17 years.…”

Section: Basic Research In Use -New Growth Areasmentioning

confidence: 99%