The role of psychosocial context, age, and intelligence in memory performance of older men.

Arbuckle, Tannis Y.; Gold, Dolores; Andrés, David; Schwartzman, Alex E.; Chaikelson, June

doi:10.1037/0882-7974.7.1.25

Cited by 76 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Consistent with our expectation extraversion was associated with higher and neuroticism was associated with lower episodic memory performance. Our results replicate previous research (Arbuckle et al, 1992;Hultsch, Hertzog, Small, & Dixon, 1999) and extend its generality to old age. The effect-size of the memory-personality relationships was larger in our study than in prior work, and we assume that the use of multifaceted test materials, an everyday study task and a social testing situation was responsible for this boost.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

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Personality and Memory in Old Age

Meier¹,

Perrig-Chiello²,

Perrig³

2002

Aging, Neuropsychology, and Cognition

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Arbuckle, Gold, Andres, Schwartzman, and Chaikelson (1992) studied 326 male World War II veterans aged 57±81 years. Personality was measured with the Eysenck Personality Inventory (EPI; Eysenck & Eysenck, 1968), and episodic memory was measured with a story recognition task, word list freeand cued recall tests.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Personality and Memory in Old Age

Meier¹,

Perrig-Chiello²,

Perrig³

2002

Aging, Neuropsychology, and Cognition

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“…A number of studies had demonstrated that individual differences in aging's effect on cognitive functioning were accounted for by various psychosocial variables such as social status (Arbuckle et al, 1986), education (Anstey et al, 1993;Avolio & Waldman, 1994;Schaie, 1983), personality (Hayslip, 1988), self-efficacy (Albert et al, 1995;Seeman et al, 1993), good health (Perlmutter & Nyquist, 1990), regular exercise (Clarkson-Smith & Hartley, 1990;Stones & Kozma, 1988) and social support (Arbuckle et al, 1992). The ® ndings of these studies indicated that there was a great potential bene® t from identifying risk factors contributing to cognitive decline, especially those that were potentially malleable because a better understanding of the risk factors leading to future cognitive decline would make more effective intervention strategies possible.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Depression predicts cognitive decline in Hong Kong Chinese older adults

Chi¹,

Chou²

2000

Aging & Mental Health

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Depression is quite common among the elderly members of Hong Kong Chinese society. This study examined the impact of depression on change in cognitive functioning among the older people. The respondents were 260 people aged 70 years or older from a longitudinal study of a representative community sample of the elderly population in Hong Kong. Using multiple regression models, the authors found that depression at baseline measurement was negatively associated with cognitive functioning three years later, even after sociodemographic, physical health status, smoking status, exercise behavior and social support variables were applied in regression models.

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“…In this study it was widowed women who had never been in the workforce and who exhibited a disengaged lifestyle that exhibited the greatest decline. Finally, Arbuckle, Gold, Andres, Schwartzman, and Chaikelson (1992) reported that participation in intellectual activities was related to maintenance of intellectual performance in a sample of 2nd World War veterans tested twice over a 40-year period.…”

Section: Healthy Adultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive Reserve and Lifestyle

Scarmeas¹,

Stern²

2003

Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology

690

420

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The concept of cognitive reserve (CR) suggests that innate intelligence or aspects of life experience like educational or occupational attainments may supply reserve, in the form of a set of skills or repertoires that allows some people to cope with progressing Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology better than others. There is epidemiological evidence that lifestyle characterized by engagement in leisure activities of intellectual and social nature is associated with slower cognitive decline in healthy elderly and may reduce the risk of incident dementia. There is also evidence from functional imaging studies that subjects engaging in such leisure activities can clinically tolerate more AD pathology. It is possible that aspects of life experience like engagement in leisure activities may result in functionally more efficient cognitive networks and therefore provide a CR that delays the onset of clinical manifestations of dementia.The CR hypothesis suggests that there are individual differences in the ability to cope with AD pathology (Stern, 2002). For example, Katzman et al. (1989) described cases of cognitively normal, elderly women who were discovered to have advanced AD pathology in their brains at death. They speculated these women did not express the clinical features of AD because their brains were larger than average. About 25% of subjects who during autopsy fulfill pathologic criteria for AD and were assessed and followed in wellcharacterized cohorts were clinically intact during life (Ince, 2001). Similarly, most clinicians are aware of the fact that a stroke of a given magnitude can produce profound impairment in 1 patient and while having minimal effect on another. Something must account for the disjunction between the degree of brain damage and its outcome, and the concept of reserve has been proposed to serve this purpose.Innate intelligence or aspects of life experience like educational or occupational attainment may supply reserve, in the form of a set of skills or repertoires that allows some people to cope with pathology better than others.Epidemiological data supporting the CR hypothesis include observations that lower educational and occupational attainment is associated with increased risk for incident dementia (Stern et al., 1994). Similarly, lower linguistic ability (as expressed by idea density and grammatical complexity) in early life and childhood mental ability scores are strong predictors of poor cognitive function and dementia in late life (Snowdon et al., 1997;Whalley et al., 2000). This is consistent with the prediction that people with more reserve can cope with advancing AD pathology longer before it is expressed clinically. In addition it has been shown that AD patients with higher educational and occupational attainment have more rapid cognitive decline than those with lower attainment, consistent with the idea that,

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The role of psychosocial context, age, and intelligence in memory performance of older men.

Cited by 76 publications

References 34 publications

Personality and Memory in Old Age

Personality and Memory in Old Age

Depression predicts cognitive decline in Hong Kong Chinese older adults

Cognitive Reserve and Lifestyle

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