The role of psychologists in the treatment, management, and prevention of chronic mental illness.

Smith, Greg; Schwebel, Andrew I.; Dunn, Ryan L.; McIver, Stephanie D.

doi:10.1037/0003-066x.48.9.966

Cited by 18 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 37 publications

(53 reference statements)

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“…Improved understanding of the aetiology of cognitive impairment after kidney transplantation may enable development of interventions to improve or maintain cognition [ 50 , 51 ]. Determining whether there are effects upon cognition of specific immunosuppressive medication has important clinical implications.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Meta-analysis of cognitive functioning in patients following kidney transplantation

Joshee

Wood

et al. 2017

Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation

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BackgroundThere is mixed evidence regarding the nature of cognitive function in patients who have undergone renal transplantation. The aim of this meta-analysis was to examine which cognitive domains are impacted following kidney transplantation and how performance compares with non-transplanted patients or healthy controls/normative data. MethodA systematic search was conducted using keywords within three databases (Embase, MEDLINE and PsychINFO), yielding 458 unique studies, 10 of which met the inclusion criteria. Neuropsychological tests were grouped into nine cognitive domains and three separate analyses were undertaken within each domain: (i) within subjects pre- versus post-transplant, (ii) transplanted versus non-transplanted patients and (iii) transplanted versus healthy matched controls and standardized normative data.ResultsTransplanted patients showed moderate to large improvements in the domains of general cognitive status (g = 0.526), information and motor speed (g = 0.558), spatial reasoning (g = 0.376), verbal memory (g = 0.759) and visual memory (g = 0.690) when compared with their pre-operative scores. Test scores in the same five domains were significantly better in post-transplanted patients when compared with dialysis-dependant or conservatively managed chronic kidney disease patients. However, post-transplanted patients’ performance was significantly low compared with that of healthy controls (and standardized normative data) in the domains of executive functioning (g = −0.283), verbal fluency (g = −0.657) and language (g = −0.573).ConclusionsTwo key issues arise from this review. First, domain-specific cognitive improvement occurs in patients after successful transplantation. Nevertheless, transplanted patients still performed significantly below healthy controls in some domains. Second, there are important shortcomings in existing studies; the length of follow-up is typically short and only limited neuropsychological test batteries are employed. These factors are important in order to support the recovery of cognitive function among patients following renal transplant.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Meta-analysis of cognitive functioning in patients following kidney transplantation

Joshee

Wood

et al. 2017

Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation

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“…Only a small portion of mothers in the sample met the strict criteria for chronic, severe mental illness (2.49%); this is a set of women with severe and chronic mental illness. There have been multiple cries for improved treatment of chronic and severe mental illness in our society (Arnow & Constantino, 2003;Smith, Schwebel, Dunn, & McIver, 1993). In particular, researchers have called for increased awareness and treatment of postpartum depression, which sometimes leads to more chronic and severe maternal depression (Fawcett, 2005;Logsdon, Wisner, Billings, & Shanahan, 2006).…”

Section: Limitations and Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic Maternal Depression and Children's Injury Risk

Schwebel

Brezausek

2008

Journal of Pediatric Psychology

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“…Smith ; Schwebel, Dunn, and Mclver (1993) have identified many areas in which psychologists can make significant contributions to the treatment, management, and prevention of CMI.…”

Section: Roles For Psychologistsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of training received by psychology graduate students in the area of chronic mental illness.

Millet¹,

Schwebel²

1994

Professional Psychology: Research and Practice

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Chronic mental illness (CMI), also called serious mental disability (SMD), affects many people, directly and indirectly. Psychologists have the potential to make important contributions in the study of CMI and in the delivery of service to persons affected by CMI. To assess the training provided to students in this area, questionnaires were sent to all the directors of APA-accredited clinical psychology PhD programs in the U.S. Seventy-one directors (60%) returned usable surveys. Examples of findings are as follows: the mean number of courses focusing primarily on CMI is .56 per program, per year; about half the programs graduated no students with a CMI specialty during the last 5 years; and the mean number of student-conducted research projects on CMI is .5 studies per program, per year. Almost three-quarters of the respondents expressed interest in developing a concentration or track in CMI in their programs if additional funds were to become available.Current estimates suggest that there are approximately 1.7 million people in the United States suffering from chronic mental illness (CMI; Kramer, 1983;Talbott & Sharfstein, 1986). Of this number, approximately 900,000 (53%) are treated in mental health facilities or nursing homes, and approximately 800,000 (47%) are in the community (Kramer, 1983). Recent estimates suggest that the total cost of mental health treatments is approximately $55 billion annually (Hogan, 1992) and that approximately 43% of the annual total costs of mental illness are related to treatment and care of people who have CMI (Talbott & Sharfstein, 1986) or who are seriously mentally ill.A computer-assisted search of the literature failed to locate any study indicating how many psychologists work with individuals who have CMI. However, a recent survey of 387 American Psychological Association (APA) members (Zook & Walton, 1989) found that less than 6% are employed in community mental health centers or state mental hospitals, the settings most likely to provide services to chronically mentally ill persons. The need for more psychologists in this area is underlined in the

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The role of psychologists in the treatment, management, and prevention of chronic mental illness.

Cited by 18 publications

References 37 publications

Meta-analysis of cognitive functioning in patients following kidney transplantation

Meta-analysis of cognitive functioning in patients following kidney transplantation

Chronic Maternal Depression and Children's Injury Risk

Assessment of training received by psychology graduate students in the area of chronic mental illness.

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