The role of psychological resilience and mTBI as predictors of postconcussional syndrome symptomatology.

Sullivan, Karen A.; Edmed, Shannon L.; Allan, Alicia; Smith, Simon S.; Karlsson, Lina

doi:10.1037/rep0000037

Cited by 37 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“… 25 Cross-sectional studies have found that lower levels of resilience are associated with higher symptom-reporting in participants who report having had a mTBI between 1 month and 6 months ago. 27 Similar results have been found in a military veterans sample. 28 However, in a prospective cohort study of emergency department patients, McCauley and colleagues 29 found that higher levels of resilience at baseline (<24 hours) was associated with higher symptom reporting.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Emotional reserve and prolonged post-concussive symptoms and disability: a Swedish prospective 1-year mild traumatic brain injury cohort study

Oldenburg

Lundin²,

Edman

et al. 2018

BMJ Open

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ObjectiveProlonged post-concussive symptoms (PCS) affect a significant minority of patients withmild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). The aetiology is multifactorial depending on preinjury as well as peri-injury and postinjury factors. In this study, we examine outcome from an emotional reserve perspective.DesignProspective cohort study.SettingPatients were recruited from three emergency departments in major university hospitals in Stockholm, Sweden. Follow-up data were collected in an outpatient setting at one of the recruiting hospitals.Participants122 patients with a history of blunt head trauma (aged 15–65 years; admitted for mTBI within 24 hours after trauma (Glasgow Coma Scale score of 14–15, loss of consciousness <30 min and/or post-traumatic amnesia <24 hours). Exclusion criteria were other significant physical injury and other major neurological disorder, including previous significant head injury.ProcedureRecruitment in three emergency departments. Initial assessments were made within 1 week after the injury. Patients were mailed the follow-up questionnaires 1 year postinjury.Outcome measuresA psychiatric assessment was performed at 1 week post injury. The participants also completed a personality inventory, measures of psychological resilience, depression, anxiety and post-traumatic symptoms. One-year outcome was measured by the Rivermead Post Concussion Symptoms and the Rivermead Head Injury Follow-Up questionnaires.ResultsThe psychiatric assessment revealed more symptoms of anxiety, depression and post-traumatic symptoms in the acute stage for patients who later developed PCS.After 1 year, 94 participants were still in the programme (male/female 57/37) and 12% matched the extended criteria for PCS (≥3 symptoms and ≥2 disabilities). PCS patients reported more preinjury and concurrent psychiatric problems, lower level of functioning before the injury and experienced more stress. They showed higher somatic trait anxiety, embitterment, mistrust and lower level of psychological resilience than recovered participants.ConclusionIntrapersonal emotional reserve shape the emergence and persistence of PCS after mTBI.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Emotional reserve and prolonged post-concussive symptoms and disability: a Swedish prospective 1-year mild traumatic brain injury cohort study

Oldenburg

Lundin²,

Edman

et al. 2018

BMJ Open

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“…This relationship, however, might be expected to be negative. Previous studies have observed a negative relationship between illness and psychological resilience [ 4 – 8 ], although this is normally interpreted as a sign of resilience protecting against the development of illnesses. If those of our participants higher in resilience in older age were already more resilient in childhood, this could have protected against childhood illness and then been retained throughout life into older age.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Resilience has previously been associated with physical and mental health problems [ 4 – 8 ]. Consistent with such findings, we observed moderate correlations between resilience and health, mental health and wellbeing in older age.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Others have shown similar associations between resilience and mental health incidence and severity in other populations [ 5 – 7 ]. While physical resilience is defined in terms of positive outcomes to health problems, higher psychological resilience (generally assessed using questionnaires) has also been associated with better physical health [ 6 ], including reduced symptom severity in a range of physical illnesses [ 4 , 8 ]. As morbidity increases with ageing, psychological resilience may be particularly relevant in later life.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Early-life predictors of resilience and related outcomes up to 66 years later in the 6-day sample of the 1947 Scottish mental survey

Harris

Brett

Starr

et al. 2016

Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol

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PurposePsychological resilience, the ability to manage and quickly recover from stress and trauma, is associated with a range of health and wellbeing outcomes. Resilience is known to relate to personality, self-esteem and positive affect, and may also depend upon childhood experience and stress. In this study, we investigated the role of early-life contributors to resilience and related factors in later life.MethodsWe used data from the 6-day sample of the Scottish mental survey 1947, an initially representative sample of Scottish children born in 1936. They were assessed on a range of factors between the ages of 11 and 27 years, and resilience and other outcomes at 77 years.ResultsHigher adolescent dependability unexpectedly predicted lower resilience in older-age, as did childhood illnesses, while a count of specific stressors experienced throughout early life significantly predicted higher later-life resilience. We also observed significant cross-sectional correlations between resilience and measures of physical health, mental health, wellbeing and loneliness. Some of the associations between early-life predictors and later-life outcomes were significantly mediated by resilience.ConclusionsOur results support the hypothesis that stress throughout early life may help to build resilience in later-life, and demonstrate the importance of resilience as a mediator of other influences on health and wellbeing in older age. We suggest that the mechanisms determining how early-life stress leads to higher resilience are worthy of further investigation, and that psychological resilience should be a focus of research and a target for therapeutic interventions aiming to improve older-age health and wellbeing.

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“…Recent cross‐sectional studies find that self‐reported resilience is associated with adjustment in expected directions among persons with TBI (Losoi, et al., ; Merritt, Lange, & French, ; Sullivan, Edmed, Allan, Smith, & Karlsson, ; see McCauley, et al., , for a more complicated pattern). However, the measures in these studies are limited because they were developed with “no real theoretical model for their concept of resilience, leaving clinicians and researchers with a relatively face‐valid, self‐report measure and little guidance for working with respondents” (Elliott & Erosa, , p. 208).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Resilience and Traumatic Brain Injury Among Iraq/Afghanistan War Veterans: Differential Patterns of Adjustment and Quality of Life

et al. 2016

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Objective We examined the degree to which a resilient personality prototype predicted adjustment among war Veterans with and without a traumatic brain injury (TBI) while covarying the level of combat exposure. Method A total of 127 war Veterans (107 men, 20 women; average age = 37 years) participated. Personality prototypes were derived from the Multidimensional Personality Questionnaire (Patrick, Curtain, & Tellegen, 2002). Measures were administered at baseline, and a subset was administered at 4- and 8-month follow-ups. Results Veterans with resilient personalities reported less sleep disturbance, more health-promoting behaviors, psychological flexibility, and emotional distress tolerance than Veterans with undercontrolled or overcontrolled prototypes. Path models revealed that resilience significantly predicted posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, quality of life, and social support over time. TBI had unique and consistent effects only on PTSD. Conclusion Personality characteristics influence distress and quality of life among war Veterans with and without TBI. Implications for assessment, interventions, and research are discussed.

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The role of psychological resilience and mTBI as predictors of postconcussional syndrome symptomatology.

Cited by 37 publications

References 30 publications

Emotional reserve and prolonged post-concussive symptoms and disability: a Swedish prospective 1-year mild traumatic brain injury cohort study

Emotional reserve and prolonged post-concussive symptoms and disability: a Swedish prospective 1-year mild traumatic brain injury cohort study

Early-life predictors of resilience and related outcomes up to 66 years later in the 6-day sample of the 1947 Scottish mental survey

Resilience and Traumatic Brain Injury Among Iraq/Afghanistan War Veterans: Differential Patterns of Adjustment and Quality of Life

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