The role of protected and deforested areas in the hydrological processes of Itacaiúnas River Basin, eastern Amazonia

Pontes, Paulo Rógenes Monteiro; Cavalcante, Rosane Barbosa Lopes; Sahoo, Prafulla Kumar; Júnior, Renato Oliveira da Silva; Silva, Marcio Sousa da; Dall’Agnol, Roberto; Siqueira, José Oswaldo

doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.01.090

Cited by 39 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 85 publications

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“…Due to land use changes, a significant increase in mean, maximum and minimum flows was observed in the same period [22]. This impact would be greater if forests were not maintained in protected areas [25].…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Legal reserve areas and priority areas for reforestation can be defined to improve the protection of hydrological services [31], using information such as soil moisture indices and erosion risk. In the western region, deforestation in the areas upstream of conservation units significantly altered the river flow within the conservation units, with possible impacts on water quality and aquatic ecosystems [25]. Restoring APP and RL areas and adopting good agricultural practices can reduce this impact.…”

Section: Implications For Itacaiúnas Watershed Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Potential for Forest Restoration and Deficit Compensation in Itacaiúnas Watershed, Southeastern Brazilian Amazon

Nunes

Cavalcante

Nascimento

et al. 2019

Forests

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The conservation and restoration of native vegetation is vital for providing key hydrological services (i.e., maintaining high water quality, atmospheric humidity, and precipitation patterns). However, this research area lacks fine-scale studies at the watershed level to evaluate opportunities for forest restoration and deficit (the shortfall of forest required to be restored or compensated), as well as the implications for watershed management. We provide the first fine-scale estimation of forest and deficit distribution, integrating permanent preservation areas (APPs, in Portuguese) and legal reserves (RL, in Portuguese), according to Brazilian environmental law, for the 41,300 km2 Itacaiúnas watershed in the Brazilian state of Pará, which has lost 50% of its vegetation cover. Using 30 m- and 10 m-resolution imagery, a multi-temporal land use classification was performed by geographic object-based image analysis (GEOBIA). The results were combined with a set of Brazilian regulations on the conservation and restoration of APPs and RL to assess patterns of forest cover and legal compliance. We found that the total RL deficit (4383 km2) was higher than the total forest surplus (above legal obligation) (3241 km2). However, most of this deficit (56%) could be compensated by protecting a forest area in another property within the Amazon biome, while 44% must be legally restored. Only 4% of the total forest surplus can be legally deforested, and the remaining 96% is already protected by law but can be used to compensate for areas under the deficit. We also found that, despite 57% (3017 km2) of the total APP being forested, only 26% (1356 km2) of the APP must be restored and 17% (881 km2) can remain deforested (consolidated areas). The 2012 law revision reduced the obligation to restore RL and APPs. This change could affect hydrological and ecological services. Compensation mechanisms could be used to protect forest within the Itacaiúnas watershed, rather than in the biome, to reduce further deforestation pressure.

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Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Implications For Itacaiúnas Watershed Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential for Forest Restoration and Deficit Compensation in Itacaiúnas Watershed, Southeastern Brazilian Amazon

Nunes

Cavalcante

Nascimento

et al. 2019

Forests

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“…Afterwards, a highly nonlinear function system is constructed to model complex flood process from hydrological clues to result of large run-off values. We can find carefully designed physical models in works of Fan et al [7] and Pontes et al [8,9], where their models well fit in special areas to handle complexity of flood forecasting. Data-driven model directly models mathematical interactions between different hydrological factors and run-off values based on historical observations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Complexity to Forecast Flood: Problem Definition and Spatiotemporal Attention LSTM Solution

Ding

Zhu

et al. 2020

Complexity

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With significant development of sensors and Internet of things, researchers nowadays can easily know what happens in physical space by acquiring time-varying values of various factors. Essentially, growing data category and size greatly contribute to solve problems happened in physical space. In this paper, we aim to solve a complex problem that affects both cities and villages, i.e., flood. To reduce impacts induced by floods, hydrological factors acquired from physical space and data-driven models in cyber space have been adopted to accurately forecast floods. Considering the significance of modeling attention capability among hydrology factors, we believe extraction of discriminative hydrology factors not only reflect natural rules in physical space, but also optimally model iterations of factors to forecast run-off values in cyber space. Therefore, we propose a novel data-driven model named as STA-LSTM by integrating Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) structure and spatiotemporal attention module, which is capable of forecasting floods for small- and medium-sized rivers. The proposed spatiotemporal attention module firstly explores spatial relationship between input hydrological factors from different locations and run-off outputs, which assigns time-varying weights to various factors. Afterwards, the proposed attention module allocates temporal-dependent weights to hidden output of each LSTM cell, which describes significance of state output for final forecasting results. Taking Lech and Changhua river basins as cases of physical space, several groups of comparative experiments show that STA-LSTM is capable to optimize complexity of mathematically modeling floods in cyber space.

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“…The Itacaiúnas River Basin (IRB) (05°10′ to 07°15′S latitude, 48°37′to 51°25′ longitude), a Tocantins tributary and part of the Amazon Biome, with approximately 41,500 km2 is located in the Brazilian Amazonia, Carajás region, Pará State, Northern Brazil ( Damous et al., 2002 ; Pontes et al., 2019 ) The Carajás complex comprises one of the largest mineral reserves in the world. There, among other activities that include iron and gold mining, a metallurgic project is under implementation to extract and upgrade copper from sulfide ore. About 1.2 × 109 tons of copper is present in three deposits extending over an area of 25,000 ha ( Moreto et al., 2015 ; Sahoo et al., 2019 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…IRB had 50% of its area deforested between the 1970s and 2010s, causing an increase of temperature (+1.7 °C) and the reduction of air relative humidity (−10%) in the basin ( Souza-Filho et al., 2016 ). The remaining forested areas are concentrated in a block of continuous protected areas and it is monitored and protected by a partnership between the Chico Mendes Biodiversity Conservation Institute (ICMBIO) and Vale S.A. ( Pontes et al., 2019 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of metal contamination effects in piranhas through biomonitoring and multi biomarkers approach

Montes

Ferreira

Giarrizzo

et al. 2020

Heliyon

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The present field study aimed to assess the water quality of the Itacaiúnas River, located at the eastern part of the Brazilian Amazon, using water's physicochemical parameters, ecological risk assessment in sediments, biomarkers and metal bioaccumulation in piranhas at two points: upstream (P1) and downstream (P2), and the type of season (Dry and Rainy). We revealed a significant difference between the points and the seasons. Concerning, the concentration of metals (Cd, Cu, Zn, Cr, and Hg) in sediment and water, we reported significant concentrations of Cd and Cu especially on P2 at dry season. The fish gills collected in P2 showed various types of damages (moderate and severe), furthermore, the Degree of Tissue Change (DTC) reported a significant difference between points, highlighting the dreadful condition in animals' health originated from this point. In terms of the biotransformation enzyme, the GST activity was higher in fishes from P2 in both seasons. The obtained results showed clear signs of stress in fish from the downstream point. Linear correlation analysis exhibited that the biomarkers' response could be linked to the detected metals bioaccumulation. This field investigation provides baseline data on pollution status in this region and the results showed that although the overall potential ecological risks of the metals were considered low at our sampling sites including cadmium, however, Cd posed a noteworthy monomial potential ecological risk factor. Strong evidence of correlation was obtained between Cd in the environment with the gills' damage in fishes from P2. The results also indicated that S. rhombeus could be useful for biomonitoring species for assessing metal contamination.

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The role of protected and deforested areas in the hydrological processes of Itacaiúnas River Basin, eastern Amazonia

Cited by 39 publications

References 85 publications

Potential for Forest Restoration and Deficit Compensation in Itacaiúnas Watershed, Southeastern Brazilian Amazon

Potential for Forest Restoration and Deficit Compensation in Itacaiúnas Watershed, Southeastern Brazilian Amazon

Complexity to Forecast Flood: Problem Definition and Spatiotemporal Attention LSTM Solution

Evaluation of metal contamination effects in piranhas through biomonitoring and multi biomarkers approach

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