The Role of Prolonged Viral Gastrointestinal Infections in the Development of Immunodeficiency-Related Enteropathy

Ven, Annick A. J. M. van de; Konijnenburg, David P. Hoytema van; Wensing, Annemarie M. J.; Montfrans, Joris M. van

doi:10.1007/s12016-011-8292-9

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 126 publications

(155 reference statements)

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“…They also stratified their analysis by income level of the country in which a case was reported to assess regional differences. A review by Van de Ven et al [37] explored the role of prolonged gastrointestinal infections in causing inflammatory enteropathy in patients with a PID. Poliovirus was among the enteroviruses examined, and the authors identified a select number of cases that were iVDPVs, with the most recent case reported in 2005.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunodeficiency-related vaccine-derived poliovirus (iVDPV) cases: A systematic review and implications for polio eradication

Guo

Bolivar-Wagers

Srinivas

et al. 2015

Vaccine

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Background Vaccine-derived polioviruses (VDPVs), strains of poliovirus mutated from the oral polio vaccine, pose a challenge to global polio eradication. Immunodeficiency-related vaccine-derived polioviruses (iVDPVs) are a type of VDPV which may serve as sources of poliovirus reintroduction after the eradication of wild-type poliovirus. This review is a comprehensive update of confirmed iVDPV cases published in the scientific literature from 1962 to 2012, and describes clinically relevant trends in reported iVDPV cases worldwide. Methods We conducted a systematic review of published iVDPV case reports from January 1960 to November 2012 from four databases. We included cases in which the patient had a primary immunodeficiency, and the vaccine virus isolated from the patient either met the sequencing definition of VDPV (>1% divergence for serotypes 1 and 3 and >0.6% for serotype 2) and/or was previously reported as an iVDPV by the World Health Organization. Results We identified 68 iVDPV cases in 49 manuscripts reported from 25 countries and the Palestinian territories. 62% of case patients were male, 78% presented clinically with acute flaccid paralysis, and 65% were iVDPV2. 57% of cases occurred in patients with predominantly antibody immunodeficiencies, and the overall all-cause mortality rate was greater than 60%. The median age at case detection was 1.4 years [IQR: 0.8, 4.5] and the median duration of shedding was 1.3 years [IQR: 0.7, 2.2]. We identified a poliovirus genome VP1 region mutation rate of 0.72% per year and a higher median percent divergence for iVDPV1 cases. More cases were reported from high income countries, which also had a larger age variation and different distribution of immunodeficiencies compared to upper and lower middle-income countries. Conclusion Our study describes the incidence and characteristics of global iVDPV cases reported in the literature in the past five decades. It also highlights the regional and economic disparities of reported iVDPV cases.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunodeficiency-related vaccine-derived poliovirus (iVDPV) cases: A systematic review and implications for polio eradication

Guo

Bolivar-Wagers

Srinivas

et al. 2015

Vaccine

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“…Although the vaccines have been shown to be safe for HIV-infected infants in general [195,196], the SCID cases suggest that they remain unsafe for patients with very low T cell counts. Interestingly, only a few IEI patients, majority having SCID, have been reported to suffer from severe infections of wild-type rotavirus [197][198][199][200][201][202][203][204][205][206][207][208][209][210]. Although chronic diarrhea is a common manifestation in many IEIs, including SCID and antibody deficiencies, wild-type rotavirus does not seem to cause major problem for IEI patients.…”

Section: Life-threatening Orv Infections In Scid Patientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Life-Threatening Infections Due to Live-Attenuated Vaccines: Early Manifestations of Inborn Errors of Immunity

et al. 2019

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Live-attenuated vaccines (LAVs) can protect humans against 12 viral and three bacterial diseases. By definition, any clinical infection caused by a LAV that is sufficiently severe to require medical intervention attests to an inherited or acquired immunodeficiency that must be diagnosed or identified. Self-healing infections can also result from milder forms of immunodeficiency. We review here the inherited forms of immunodeficiency underlying severe infections of LAVs. Inborn errors of immunity (IEIs) underlying bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG), oral poliovirus (OPV), vaccine measles virus (vMeV), and oral rotavirus vaccine (ORV) disease have been described from 1951, 1963, 1966, and 2009 onward, respectively. For each of these four LAVs, the underlying IEIs show immunological homogeneity despite genetic heterogeneity. Specifically, BCG disease is due to inborn errors of IFN-γ immunity, OPV disease to inborn errors of B cell immunity, vMeV disease to inborn errors of IFN-α/β and IFN-λ immunity, and ORV disease to adaptive immunity. Severe reactions to the other 11 LAVs have been described yet remain Bidiopathic,^in the absence of known underlying inherited or acquired immunodeficiencies, and are warranted to be the focus of research efforts. The study of IEIs underlying life-threatening LAV infections is clinically important for the affected patients and their families, as well as immunologically, for the study of the molecular and cellular basis of host defense against both attenuated and parental pathogens.

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“…Fecal shedding of norovirus persists for up to 2 weeks, however, it can persist for up to 5 weeks in immune-compromised patient 11. Furthermore, norovirus infection is associated with exacerbation of inflammatory bowel disease 12.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protein-Losing Enteropathy as a Complication of the Ketogenic Diet

2017

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The ketogenic diet is an effective treatment for the patients with intractable epilepsy, however, the diet therapy can sometimes be discontinued by complications. Protein–losing enteropathy is a rarely reported serious complication of the ketogenic diet. We present a 16-month-old Down syndrome baby with protein-losing enteropathy during the ketogenic diet as a treatment for West syndrome. He suffered from diarrhea, general edema and hypoalbuminemia which were not controlled by conservative care for over 1 month. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy and stool alpha-1 antitrypsin indicated protein-losing enteropathy. Related symptoms were relieved after cessation of the ketogenic diet. Unexplained hypoalbuminemia combined with edema and diarrhea during ketogenic suggests the possibility of protein-losing enteropathy, and proper evaluation is recommended in order to expeditiously detect it and to act accordingly.

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The Role of Prolonged Viral Gastrointestinal Infections in the Development of Immunodeficiency-Related Enteropathy

Cited by 9 publications

References 126 publications

Immunodeficiency-related vaccine-derived poliovirus (iVDPV) cases: A systematic review and implications for polio eradication

Immunodeficiency-related vaccine-derived poliovirus (iVDPV) cases: A systematic review and implications for polio eradication

Life-Threatening Infections Due to Live-Attenuated Vaccines: Early Manifestations of Inborn Errors of Immunity

Protein-Losing Enteropathy as a Complication of the Ketogenic Diet

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