The role of prolactin in co-ordinating fertility and metabolic adaptations during reproduction

Ladyman, Sharon R; Hackwell, Eleni C R; Brown, Rosemary S E

doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2019.107911

Cited by 14 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 215 publications

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“…92 Chronically high prolactin can also effect the oestrous cycle and lead to prolonged periods of a pseudopregnant-like state. 93 LacDrd2KO females have disrupted oestrous cycles, with much of their time spent in the dioestrus phase, perhaps including periods of pseudopregnancy. 92 Disrupted oestrous cycles and pseudopregnancy are accompanied by associated changes in sex steroids and this can also contribute to hyperphagia 87,94 ; however, LacDrd2KO mice only show a trend for increased progesterone levels in later life (11 months old), thus arguing against an indirect action of prolactin through progesterone in driving this body weight phenotype.…”

Section: Initial Work Investigating the Role Of Prolactin In Driving mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…LacDrd2KO females demonstrate an increase in food intake and fat mass alongside hyperprolactinaemia, although male lacDrd2KO mice do not show increased serum prolactin levels, nor was an effect on body weight detected 92 . Chronically high prolactin can also effect the oestrous cycle and lead to prolonged periods of a pseudopregnant‐like state 93 . LacDrd2KO females have disrupted oestrous cycles, with much of their time spent in the dioestrus phase, perhaps including periods of pseudopregnancy 92 .…”

Section: Prolactin and The Brainmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Metabolic functions of prolactin: Physiological and pathological aspects

Lopez‐Vicchi

Winne

Brie

et al. 2020

J Neuroendocrinology

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Prolactin is a pleiotropic hormone that is named after its major role in lactation in mammals. Alongside this role in milk production, prolactin has been implicated in a wide range of functions, including regulating aspects of the immune system, the reproductive system and metabolism. The wide scope of functions for prolactin is considered to converge during pregnancy and lactation, when prolactin concentrations are high, and it is hypothesised that prolactin has a role not only in milk production, but also as a signal to many of the systems in the body driving maternal adaptations to meet the demands of these physiologically challenging states. 1 Although high prolactin concentrations are appropriate during pregnancy and lactation, 1-3 there are many pathological conditions of hyperprolactinaemia, such as prolactin-secreting tumours and dopamine receptor antagonising drug treatments, 4 and these pathologically high prolactin concentrations are likely to impact on many different aspects of physiology and lead to metabolic dysfunction. The focus of this review is to examine the effects of prolactin on metabolism and energy homeostasis in both the physiological and pathological states of hyperprolactinaemia. Prolactin is secreted by lactotroph cells and, unlike other hormones secreted by the anterior pituitary, its secretion is regulated

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Section: Initial Work Investigating the Role Of Prolactin In Driving mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Prolactin and The Brainmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic functions of prolactin: Physiological and pathological aspects

Lopez‐Vicchi

Winne

Brie

et al. 2020

J Neuroendocrinology

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“…Increased caloric intake and temporary suppression of the reproductive function are orchestrated by a complex neuronal network modulated by circulating hormones and metabolic cues (13, 14). Among them, leptin and prolactin have critical roles (15, 16). Leptin signaling-deficient subjects develop obesity and remain in an infertile prepubertal state (17-21).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In mice, direct leptin actions only in the brain are sufficient to normalize body weight, to induce puberty and maintain fertility (22-25). Chronic prolactin administration disrupts the reproductive axis and increases body weight (15, 26, 27). In physiological conditions of high energy demands, increasing levels of prolactin and hypothalamic leptin resistance allow for energy accumulation and adequate nutrition of the fetus and newborn (13, 16, 26, 28).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reproductive neuronal circuitry in adaptive changes of energy balance

Lee¹,

Miera

Bellefontaine

et al. 2021

Preprint

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The crosstalk between metabolism and reproduction is essential for species survival. When dysfunctional, this interaction may decrease reproductive efficiency, but in physiological conditions of high energy demands, e.g., pregnancy and lactation, it is highly beneficial. Females display adaptive responses that assure offspring survival and health, including increased food intake and suppression of the reproductive function. Some of these physiological responses are modulated by leptin actions in neuronal pathways that are still unclear. The hypothalamic ventral premammillary nucleus (PMv) is a key integrative node of metabolic cues and reproductive status, comprised of either leptin-depolarized or -hyperpolarized neurons. Here, we show that the subset of leptin-hyperpolarized neurons coexpresses dopamine transporter (DAT) and prolactin receptor. DAT expression is higher in prepubertal conditions, when reproductive function is suppressed. These neurons innervate AgRP presynaptic terminals and may potentiate their inhibitory actions on reproduction. We further applied a mathematical model to reconcile our new findings with the current literature and to verify if those neurons are putative components of the metabolic control of reproduction. In our model, leptin-depolarized PMv neurons project to and directly stimulate kisspeptin and gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons. Leptin-hyperpolarized PMv DAT neurons are directly stimulated by prolactin and project to inhibitory control sites. During conditions of high prolactin levels, i.e., late pregnancy and lactation, this pathway may overcome the former, facilitating AgRP actions in the suppression of the reproductive function. Our model also predicts that overstimulation of this pathway may underlie earlier puberty and reproductive deficits observed in conditions of metabolic dysfunction.

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“…Зрелый белок содержит 197-199 аминокислотных остатков, образующих одну полипептидную цепь с тремя дисульфидными связями, молекулярная масса приблизительно составляет 23 кДа [33]. Общеизвестным фактом является то, что основная функция пролактина связана со стимуляцией лактогенеза и галактопоэза, однако многочисленные исследования установили широкий спектр его функций в различных областях мозга [33]. В работе V. Bernard et al (2015) сообщается, что действие ПРЛ опосредовано его трансмембранным рецептором PRL-R [5].…”

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An Overview on the Role of Prolactin and its Receptors in the Reproductive System of Women with External Genital Endometriosis

Оразов

Михалева

Самарина

et al. 2020

Žurnal anatomii i gistopatologii

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Многочисленные исследования на животных моделях наделяют пролактин (ПРЛ) множественными функциями, как физиологическими (размножение, лактация, рост, метаболизм, транспорт и поведение электролитов), так и патологическими (иммунитет и канцерогенез). ПРЛ является гормоном ацидофильных клеток передней доли гипофиза. За последнее десятилетие появилось много открытий в отношении функций пролактина и его рецептора (PRL-R). Пролактин оказывает свое действие, связываясь с мембраносвязанными рецепторными изоформами, известными как рецепторы длинной и короткой форм. PRL-R экспрессируется в различных тканях, таких как молочная железа, предстательная железа, яичники, клетки иммунной системы, адипоциты, печень и др. Одна из самых известных функций ПРЛ -стимуляция пролиферации и дифференцировки клеток молочной железы, необходимых для лактации. Модели на животных предоставили информацию о биологии пролактиновых белков и дают убедительные данные, что каждая изоформа ПРЛ имеет независимые биологические функции. Важно помнить, что чрезмерная секреция этого гормона связана с такими симптомами как гипогонадизм и бесплодие. На сегодняшний день до 40% всех случаев женского бесплодия обусловлено гиперпродукцией ПРЛ. Одной из причин бесплодия является сочетание гиперпролактинемии и наружного генитального эндометриоза, которое в настоящее время недостаточно изучено. Актуальными остаются определение роли ПРЛ и дофамина в патогенезе бесплодия у женщин с наружным генитальным эндометриозом и возможность применения агонистов дофамина в лечении данного заболевания. Данный обзор посвящен роли ПРЛ и PRL-R в патогенезе бесплодия, ассоциированного с эндометриозом.

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The role of prolactin in co-ordinating fertility and metabolic adaptations during reproduction

Cited by 14 publications

References 215 publications

Metabolic functions of prolactin: Physiological and pathological aspects

Metabolic functions of prolactin: Physiological and pathological aspects

Reproductive neuronal circuitry in adaptive changes of energy balance

An Overview on the Role of Prolactin and its Receptors in the Reproductive System of Women with External Genital Endometriosis

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