The Role of Polyphenols in Regulation of Heat Shock Proteins and Gut Microbiota in Weaning Stress

Abstract

Gut microbiota is the natural residents of the intestinal ecosystem which display multiple functions that provide beneficial effects on host physiology. Disturbances in gut microbiota in weaning stress are regulated by the immune system and oxidative stress-related protein pathways. Weaning stress also alters gut microbiota response, limits digestibility, and influences animal productive performance through the production of inflammatory molecules. Heat shock proteins are the molecular chaperones that perform array functions from physiological to pathological point of view and remodeling cellular stress response. As it is involved in the defense mechanism, polyphenols ensure cellular tolerance against enormous stimuli. Polyphenols are nature-blessed compounds that show their existence in plenty of amounts. Due to their wider availability and popularity, they can exert strong immunomodulatory, antioxidative, and anti-inflammatory activities. Their promising health-promoting effects have been demonstrated in different cellular and animal studies. Dietary interventions with polyphenols may alter the gut microbiome response and attenuate the weaning stress related to inflammation. Further, polyphenols elicit health-favored effects through ameliorating inflammatory processes to improve digestibility and thereby exert a protective effect on animal production. Here, in this article, we will expand the role of dietary polyphenol intervention strategies in weaning stress which perturbs gut microbiota function and also paid emphasis to heat shock proteins in gut health. This review article gives new direction to the feed industry to formulate diet containing polyphenols which would have a significant impact on animal health.

Phytogenic feed additives alleviate pathogenic Escherichia coli-induced intestinal damage through improving barrier integrity and inhibiting inflammation in weaned pigs

“…The enhanced digestive capacity of the small intestine could be attributed to PFA, which stabilizes microbial eubiosis in the gut [29]. Previous studies showed that polyphenols helped digestion by reducing inflammation and increasing the synthesis of digestive enzymes [30]. PWD-induced weaned pigs fed fenugreek extract showed higher DM digestibility than pigs fed the basal diet after an E. coli challenge [29].…”

Evaluation of a Dietary Grape Extract on Oxidative Status, Intestinal Morphology, Plasma Acute-Phase Proteins and Inflammation Parameters of Weaning Piglets at Various Points of Time

“…Heat shock proteins HSP70 and HSP90AA1 play important roles in cellular response to stress (environment, psychological stress, transportation, heat stress, hypoxia, and food deprivation) [ 92 ]. A study by Zhang et al [ 93 ] demonstrated that the livers of pigs that experienced a four-hour transportation stress reacted with higher HSP70 expression, and these results correlated with histopathological and plasma indices of cellular damage from the liver.…”

Polyphenols in Inner Ear Neurobiology, Health and Disease: From Bench to Clinics

“…These findings emphasize the need for nutritional and pharmaceutical approaches to boost the heat shock response via HSF1 or support the function of individual chaperones, not only in the clinical setting, but also in the general population to support healthy aging; however, the relationships of molecular chaperones with antioxidative nutrients are complex and not yet well understood. Specifically, polyphenols are known to induce the expression of a number of heat shock proteins and, at the same time, can act as potent inhibitors of their action [92,93]. Furthermore, several polyphenols were reported to increase HSP expression in various organs, reduce oxidative stress, and suppress the exacerbation of symptoms in rodent models of inflammation [94,95].…”