The role of polyaluminum chloride in kaolinite aggregation in the sequent coagulation and flocculation process

Switch Effect, Water‐Like State, and New Interaction Mechanism of an H‐Bonded Polycation–Polyacrylamide System to Realize Instant Decolorization of Dyeing Wastewater

“…[22][23][24] For the flocculation According to the current understanding, charge neutralization and bridging are regarded as the most basic two interaction mechanisms of flocculants.…”

“…[22][23][24] Because of the abovementioned newly discovered essential characteristics of the WLPS, the WLPS realized an instantaneous and highly adaptable decolorization of dyeing wastewater. When our designed WLPS decolorant interacted with the anionic dyes in water for only 10 s, large flocs with the bridging structures were directly formed; indeed, the rate-controlling step of the formation of small precipitates was so fast that it was almost omitted, thus, the colored dyes could be separated from the water phase almost instantaneously.…”

“…The discovery of new cohesive structure-forms of serial flocs disrupts the present understanding, which claims that the bridging structures are the final structure-forms of flocs. [22][23][24] Because of the abovementioned newly discovered essential characteristics of the WLPS, the WLPS realized an instantaneous and highly adaptable decolorization of dyeing wastewater. Moreover, the trial application of the WLPS in a real engineering line for treating dyeing wastewater was successfully carried out, confirming that the WLPS can be directly popularized for the practical engineering of water treatment at present.…”

“…[12][13][14][15][16][17][18] Of these, flocculation is still more advantageous than the other technologies in the engineering applications of large-scale water treatment due to its simplicity, high efficiency, and cost-effectiveness. [22][23][24] Small precipitations are first formed by the electrostatic interactions (i.e., charge neutralization) between the polycationic flocculants and the anionic dye (it takes a relatively long time as a rate-controlling step). [13,[19][20][21] According to the current understanding, the flocculation decolorization of dyeing wastewater primarily depends on the two basic processes of charge neutralization and bridging.…”

“…[13,[19][20][21] According to the current understanding, the flocculation decolorization of dyeing wastewater primarily depends on the two basic processes of charge neutralization and bridging. [22][23][24] Small precipitations are first formed by the electrostatic interactions (i.e., charge neutralization) between the polycationic flocculants and the anionic dye (it takes a relatively long time as a rate-controlling step). Subsequently, the small precipitations can be gradually aggregated into the larger flocs by the bridging interactions (as the final structure assumes flocs).…”