The role of pneumonia and secondary bacterial infection in fatal and serious outcomes of pandemic influenza a(H1N1)pdm09

MacIntyre, C. Raina; Chughtai, Abrar Ahmad; Barnes, Michelle; Ridda, Iman; Seale, Holly; Toms, Renin; Heywood, Anita E.

doi:10.1186/s12879-018-3548-0

Cited by 268 publications

(251 citation statements)

References 83 publications

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“…21 IAV infection is known to predispose for bacterial pneumonia. 22 However, we did not observe an association between respiratory viruses and GAS cultures from lower respiratory tract specimens, which might be a proxy measure for GAS pneumonia. Strengths of this study include the multiple GAS outcomes (three disease presentations and five culture specimen types), which enabled the distinction between diseases with differing severity and of different organ systems.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 70%

“…Also, the formal iGAS surveillance of notifiable disease presentations is partially limited in the Netherlands as national surveillance data on GAS pneumonia are absent (because not notifiable), while it is strongly associated with STSS . IAV infection is known to predispose for bacterial pneumonia . However, we did not observe an association between respiratory viruses and GAS cultures from lower respiratory tract specimens, which might be a proxy measure for GAS pneumonia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Associations between common respiratory viruses and invasive group A streptococcal infection: A time‐series analysis

Gier

Vlaminckx

Woudt

et al. 2019

Influenza Resp Viruses

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Background Invasive infections by group A S treptococcus (iGAS, Streptococcus pyogenes ) have a winter seasonality which largely coincides with the season for influenza and other respiratory viruses. Influenza superinfections with GAS have been described to occur regularly and to show a severe clinical picture with high mortality. We aimed to study the extent to which influenza A and B viruses (IAV and IBV), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and rhinovirus circulation contribute to iGAS incidence and severity. Methods Time‐series regression models were built to explore the temporal associations between weekly laboratory counts of IAV, IBV, RSV and rhinovirus as independent variables and weekly counts of GAS disease notifications or laboratory GAS cultures as dependent variables. Results The weekly number of IAV detections showed a significant temporal association with the number of notifications of streptococcal toxic shock syndrome (STSS), a severe complication of iGAS. Depending on the season, up to 40% of all notified STSS cases was attributable to IAV circulation. Besides STSS, none of the other iGAS manifestations were associated with a respiratory virus. Conclusions Our study found an ecological temporal association between IAV and STSS, the most severe complication of iGAS. Future studies are needed to confirm this association and assess the possible preventability of STSS by influenza vaccination, especially in the age group 60 years and older.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 70%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations between common respiratory viruses and invasive group A streptococcal infection: A time‐series analysis

Gier

Vlaminckx

Woudt

et al. 2019

Influenza Resp Viruses

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“…Thus, a decrease in the lymphocyte count may be the most important monitoring for routine biochemical tests [1,6] . The changes of chest CT in this group were similar to those in other COVID-19 studies, and were significantly different from the characteristics of H1N1 pneumonia [17] .…”

Section: Discusssupporting

confidence: 80%

Clinical characteristics and reasons of different duration from onset to release from quarantine for patients with COVID-19 Outside Hubei province, China

Tian

Chang

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Objective: To find out more characteristics and rules of COVID-19 by analyzing the clinical course of COVID-19 patients in a region outside Hubei province. Methods: 37 cases diagnosed adult COVID-19 cases of general characteristics, history of epidemiology, chronic underlying diseases,clinical symptoms and complications, chest CT, biochemical monitoring, severity assessment, treatment and outcome were retrospectively analyzed, and according to the duration from onset to release from quarantine were divided into 20-day group and > 20-day group, compare the similarities and differences between the two groups. Results: Among the 37 patients, 5 were mild, 30 were moderate, 1 was severe and 1 was critical. All the patients were released from quarantine without death. The average duration from onset to release from quarantine was 20.2±6.6 days, The average length of stay from onset to hospitalization was 4.1±3.7 days, and hospitalization duration average 16.1± 6.2 days. The average age was 44.3±1.67 years. 78.4% of cases were caused by exposure to a confirmed patient or the workplace of a confirmed patient. The main symptoms were cough (67.6%), fever( 62.2%), shortness of breath (32.4%), fatigue (24.3%), sore throat (21.6%,) vomiting or diarrhea (21.6%). The white blood cell count was decreased in 27.0% of the patients, and the lymphocyte count was decreased in 62.2% of the patients, of which 43.5% patients were <0.6 × 109/L. On admission, 86.5% of patients with chest CT showed pneumonia, including some asymptomatic patients. 68.8% of patients showed bilateral infiltration. In the > 20-day group, the average age was 49.9±1.38 years old, and the duration from onset to hospitalization was 5.5±3.9 days. Compared with the ≤20-day group, the age was older and and duration was longer, P < 0.05. All the 7 asymptomatic patients were ≤20-day group. When 37 patients were released from quarantine, the white blood cell count of 16.2% patients was <4.0 × 109/L, and the lymphocyte count of 59.5% patients was <1.1×109/L, and the absolute count of white blood cells and lymphocytes was 5.02 ± 1.34×109/L and 1.03± 0.34×109/L respectively , compared with those on admission, P >0.05. Conclusion: The majority of COVID-19 cases in the study area were mild and moderate, with good clinical outcomes. There were some special characteristics in the clinical process. The reasons of duration from onset to release from quarantine were complex. There was no significant change in the number of granulocytes at the time of release from quarantine compared to the time of admission.

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“…Third, radiologists can give a suspicion of bacterial secondary infection. Notably, bacterial co-infection was common (12%-19%) among hospitalized patients with pandemic H1N1 influenza and confirmed pneumonia [14]. Bacterial co-infection was associated with serious outcomes [14].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Notably, bacterial co-infection was common (12%-19%) among hospitalized patients with pandemic H1N1 influenza and confirmed pneumonia [14]. Bacterial co-infection was associated with serious outcomes [14]. Therefore, it is our role to provide an impression of secondary infection, which would necessitate antibiotic treatment.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Outbreak of novel coronavirus (COVID-19): What is the role of radiologists?

2020

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The role of pneumonia and secondary bacterial infection in fatal and serious outcomes of pandemic influenza a(H1N1)pdm09

Cited by 268 publications

References 83 publications

Associations between common respiratory viruses and invasive group A streptococcal infection: A time‐series analysis

Associations between common respiratory viruses and invasive group A streptococcal infection: A time‐series analysis

Clinical characteristics and reasons of different duration from onset to release from quarantine for patients with COVID-19 Outside Hubei province, China

Outbreak of novel coronavirus (COVID-19): What is the role of radiologists?

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