The role of platelet ice microalgae in seeding phytoplankton blooms in Terra Nova Bay (Ross Sea, Antarctica): a mesocosm experiment

Mangoni, Olga; Saggiomo, Maria; Modigh, M.; Catalano, Giulio; Zingone, Adriana; Saggiomo, Vincenzo

doi:10.1007/s00300-008-0507-z

Cited by 38 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…1–5% of the total diatom taxa21, the proportion of B. adeliensis in Antarctic sea ice diatom communities is highly variable, both spatially and temporally, with seasonal shifts in composition also having been observed in previous studies3436. B. adeliensis represented the major taxon in our sea ice samples from the WAP, but much lower percentages (and absences) have been reported from the same54 and other regions353653, and inter-annual variability is also high. As such, sedimentary IPSO 25 may be much more strongly influenced by variations in Antarctic sea ice diatom assemblages than is the case for IP 25 in the Arctic.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 67%

Source identification and distribution reveals the potential of the geochemical Antarctic sea ice proxy IPSO25

et al. 2016

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The presence of a di-unsaturated highly branched isoprenoid (HBI) lipid biomarker (diene II) in Southern Ocean sediments has previously been proposed as a proxy measure of palaeo Antarctic sea ice. Here we show that a source of diene II is the sympagic diatom Berkeleya adeliensis Medlin. Furthermore, the propensity for B. adeliensis to flourish in platelet ice is reflected by an offshore downward gradient in diene II concentration in >100 surface sediments from Antarctic coastal and near-coastal environments. Since platelet ice formation is strongly associated with super-cooled freshwater inflow, we further hypothesize that sedimentary diene II provides a potentially sensitive proxy indicator of landfast sea ice influenced by meltwater discharge from nearby glaciers and ice shelves, and re-examination of some previous diene II downcore records supports this hypothesis. The term IPSO25—Ice Proxy for the Southern Ocean with 25 carbon atoms—is proposed as a proxy name for diene II.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 67%

Source identification and distribution reveals the potential of the geochemical Antarctic sea ice proxy IPSO25

et al. 2016

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“…The meltwater stabilises the water column, shallowing the mixed layer depth (MLD) and entraining cells in a high light, high nutrient environment. The simultaneous release of microalgae (some active and some dormant) into the water column, are said to seed blooms in the marginal ice zone (MIZ) (Mangoni et al, 2009), however, a large proportion of the population sediments rapidly from the photic zone Wright et al, 2010). At its maximum extent in December, the MIZ covers ∼6 million km 2 , or approximately 39% of the SSIZ (Fitch and Moore, 2007).…”

Section: Southern Ocean Primary Productivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Southern Ocean phytoplankton physiology in a changing climate

Petrou

Kranz

Trimborn

et al. 2016

Journal of Plant Physiology

114

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Please cite this article in press as: Petrou, K., et al., Southern Ocean phytoplankton physiology in a changing climate. J Plant Physiol (2016), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jplph.2016.05.004 ARTICLE IN PRESS a b s t r a c tThe Southern Ocean (SO) is a major sink for anthropogenic atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), potentially harbouring even greater potential for additional sequestration of CO 2 through enhanced phytoplankton productivity. In the SO, primary productivity is primarily driven by bottom up processes (physical and chemical conditions) which are spatially and temporally heterogeneous. Due to a paucity of trace metals (such as iron) and high variability in light, much of the SO is characterised by an ecological paradox of high macronutrient concentrations yet uncharacteristically low chlorophyll concentrations. It is expected that with increased anthropogenic CO 2 emissions and the coincident warming, the major physical and chemical process that govern the SO will alter, influencing the biological capacity and functioning of the ecosystem. This review focuses on the SO primary producers and the bottom up processes that underpin their health and productivity. It looks at the major physico-chemical drivers of change in the SO, and based on current physiological knowledge, explores how these changes will likely manifest in phytoplankton, specifically, what are the physiological changes and floristic shifts that are likely to ensue and how this may translate into changes in the carbon sink capacity, net primary productivity and functionality of the SO.

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“…Some of the algal cells can provide seed stock for phytoplankton blooms at the receding ice edge (Haecky et al, 1998;Mangoni et al, 2009). Much of the remaining biomass is eaten by pelagic grazers as it sinks through the water column (Brown and Belt, 2012).…”

Section: Domain Editor-in-chiefmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sea ice algal biomass and physiology in the Amundsen Sea, Antarctica

Arrigo

Brown

Mills

2014

Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene

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Sea ice covers approximately 5% of the ocean surface and is one of the most extensive ecosystems on the planet. The microbial communities that live in sea ice represent an important food source for numerous organisms at a time of year when phytoplankton in the water column are scarce. Here we describe the distributions and physiology of sea ice microalgae in the poorly studied Amundsen Sea sector of the Southern Ocean. Microalgal biomass was relatively high in sea ice in the Amundsen Sea, due primarily to well developed surface communities that would have been replenished with nutrients during seawater flooding of the surface as a result of heavy snow accumulation. Elevated biomass was also occasionally observed in slush, interior, and bottom ice microhabitats throughout the region. Sea ice microalgal photophysiology appeared to be controlled by the availability of both light and nutrients. Surface communities used an active xanthophyll cycle and effective pigment sunscreens to protect themselves from harmful ultraviolet and visible radiation. Acclimation to low light microhabitats in sea ice was facilitated by enhanced pigment content per cell, greater photosynthetic accessory pigments, and increased photosynthetic efficiency. Photoacclimation was especially effective in the bottom ice community, where ready access to nutrients would have allowed ice microalgae to synthesize a more efficient photosynthetic apparatus. Surprisingly, the pigment-detected prymnesiophyte Phaeocystis antarctica was an important component of surface communities (slush and surface ponds) where its acclimation to high light may precondition it to seed phytoplankton blooms after the sea ice melts in spring.

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The role of platelet ice microalgae in seeding phytoplankton blooms in Terra Nova Bay (Ross Sea, Antarctica): a mesocosm experiment

Cited by 38 publications

References 52 publications

Source identification and distribution reveals the potential of the geochemical Antarctic sea ice proxy IPSO25

Source identification and distribution reveals the potential of the geochemical Antarctic sea ice proxy IPSO25

Southern Ocean phytoplankton physiology in a changing climate

Sea ice algal biomass and physiology in the Amundsen Sea, Antarctica

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