The role of plasma in syngas tar cracking

Rueda, Yamid Gómez; Helsen, Lieve

doi:10.1007/s13399-019-00461-x

Cited by 25 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 87 publications

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“…The second issue addressed within NEW-MINE regarding gasification was the cracking of tars from the produced syngas which would restrict its utilization options. At first, a review on the state of the art regarding the role of plasma in syngas tar cracking [92] was published, which was cited outside of NEW-MINE by two other review articles [93,94] mentioning the efficiency, but also the short lifetime and high costs of this technology, as well as a novel warm gas tar cleaning processing called OLGA. In a next step, naphthalene was used as a model tar molecule and Corona plasma-aided thermal cracking was demonstrated successfully for its removal at 800 • C [95].…”

Section: Thermochemical Conversionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The EU Training Network for Resource Recovery through Enhanced Landfill Mining—A Review

2021

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The “European Union Training Network for Resource Recovery Through Enhanced Landfill Mining (NEW-MINE)” was a European research project conducted between 2016 and 2020 to investigate the exploration of and resource recovery from landfills as well as the processing of the excavated waste and the valorization of the obtained waste fractions using thermochemical processes. This project yielded more than 40 publications ranging from geophysics via mechanical process engineering to ceramics, which have not yet been discussed coherently in a review publication. This article summarizes and links the NEW-MINE publications and discusses their practical applicability in waste management systems. Within the NEW-MINE project in a first step concentrates of specific materials (e.g., metals, combustibles, inert materials) were produced which might be used as secondary raw materials. In a second step, recycled products (e.g., inorganic polymers, functional glass-ceramics) were produced from these concentrates at the lab scale. However, even if secondary raw materials or recycled products could be produced at a large scale, it remains unclear if they can compete with primary raw materials or products from primary raw materials. Given the ambitions of transition towards a more circular economy, economic incentives are required to make secondary raw materials or recycled products from enhanced landfill mining (ELFM) competitive in the market.

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Section: Thermochemical Conversionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The EU Training Network for Resource Recovery through Enhanced Landfill Mining—A Review

2021

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“…Plasma method removes CH 4 , SO 2 , NO x and tar. Plasma method can be used as an alternative clean-up process as is effective in the removal of tar, but the lifetime is short, and costs are high [539].…”

Section: Syngas Clean Upmentioning

confidence: 99%

Green Synthetic Fuels: Renewable Routes for the Conversion of Non-Fossil Feedstocks into Gaseous Fuels and Their End Uses

et al. 2020

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Innovative renewable routes are potentially able to sustain the transition to a decarbonized energy economy. Green synthetic fuels, including hydrogen and natural gas, are considered viable alternatives to fossil fuels. Indeed, they play a fundamental role in those sectors that are difficult to electrify (e.g., road mobility or high-heat industrial processes), are capable of mitigating problems related to flexibility and instantaneous balance of the electric grid, are suitable for large-size and long-term storage and can be transported through the gas network. This article is an overview of the overall supply chain, including production, transport, storage and end uses. Available fuel conversion technologies use renewable energy for the catalytic conversion of non-fossil feedstocks into hydrogen and syngas. We will show how relevant technologies involve thermochemical, electrochemical and photochemical processes. The syngas quality can be improved by catalytic CO and CO2 methanation reactions for the generation of synthetic natural gas. Finally, the produced gaseous fuels could follow several pathways for transport and lead to different final uses. Therefore, storage alternatives and gas interchangeability requirements for the safe injection of green fuels in the natural gas network and fuel cells are outlined. Nevertheless, the effects of gas quality on combustion emissions and safety are considered.

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“…Tar is considered to be a major problem of biomass gasification. It is a complex mixture, mainly composed of heavy aromatic compounds, that can be defined and classified into many categories [3]. The common feature of these compounds is their ease of condensation at low temperatures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Warm Plasma Application in Tar Conversion and Syngas Valorization: The Fate of Hydrogen Sulfide

Wnukowski

Moroń

2021

Energies

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Warm plasma techniques are considered a promising method of tar removal in biomass-derived syngas. The fate of another problematic syngas impurity—hydrogen sulfide—is studied in this work. It is revealed that processing simulated syngas with a microwave plasma results in hydrogen sulfide conversion. For different gas flow rates (20–40 NLPM) and hydrogen sulfide concentrations ranging from 250 ppm to 750 ppm, the conversion rate varies from ca. 26% to 45%. The main sulfur-containing products are carbon disulfide (ca. 30% of total sulfur) and carbonyl sulfide (ca. 8% of total sulfur). Besides them, significantly smaller quantities of sulfates and benzothiophene are also detected. The main components of syngas have a tremendous impact on the fate of hydrogen sulfide. While the presence of carbon monoxide, methane, carbon dioxide, and tar surrogate (toluene) leads to the formation of carbonyl sulfide, carbon disulfide, sulfur dioxide, and benzothiophene, respectively, the abundance of hydrogen results in the recreation of hydrogen sulfide. Consequently, the presence of hydrogen in the simulated syngas is the main factor that determines the low conversion rate of hydrogen sulfide. Conversion of hydrogen sulfide into various sulfur compounds might be problematic in the context of syngas purification and the application of the right technique for sulfur removal.

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The role of plasma in syngas tar cracking

Cited by 25 publications

References 87 publications

The EU Training Network for Resource Recovery through Enhanced Landfill Mining—A Review

The EU Training Network for Resource Recovery through Enhanced Landfill Mining—A Review

Green Synthetic Fuels: Renewable Routes for the Conversion of Non-Fossil Feedstocks into Gaseous Fuels and Their End Uses

Warm Plasma Application in Tar Conversion and Syngas Valorization: The Fate of Hydrogen Sulfide

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