The role of placental iodine storage in the neonatal thyroid stimulating hormone surge: iodine as a driving force to adapt the terrestrial life

Karaoğlan, Murat; Isbilen, Elif

doi:10.1007/s40618-020-01399-y

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Immediately after delivery (30-60 minutes), serum TSH sharply rises to 60 to 80 mIU/mL as an adaptation to extrauterine life and then rapidly falls back to stable levels 3 to 5 days after birth ( 11 , 48 ). Placental iodine content has been negatively associated with TSH levels short after delivery ( 49 ). This physiological TSH surge stimulates the T 4 and T 3 production in the newborn.…”

Section: Thyroid Function and Thyroid Disordersmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Iodine for Thyroid Function in Lactating Women and Infants

Andersson

2021

Endocrine Reviews

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Iodine is a micronutrient needed for the production of thyroid hormones, which regulate metabolism, growth, and development. Iodine deficiency or excess may alter the thyroid hormone synthesis. The potential effects on infant development depend on the degree, timing, and duration of exposure. The iodine requirement is particularly high during infancy because of elevated thyroid hormone turnover. Breastfed infants rely on iodine provided by human milk, but the iodine concentration in breast milk is determined by the maternal iodine intake. Diets in many countries cannot provide sufficient iodine, and deficiency is prevented by iodine fortification of salt. However, the coverage of iodized salt varies between countries. Epidemiological data suggest large differences in the iodine intake in lactating women, infants, and toddlers worldwide, ranging from deficient to excessive intake. In this review, we provide an overview of the current knowledge and recent advances in the understanding of iodine nutrition and its association with thyroid function in lactating women, infants, and toddlers. We discuss risk factors for iodine malnutrition and the impact of targeted intervention strategies on these vulnerable population groups. We highlight the importance of appropriate definitions of optimal iodine nutrition and the need for more data assessing the risk of mild iodine deficiency for thyroid disorders during the first 2 years in life.

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Section: Thyroid Function and Thyroid Disordersmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Iodine for Thyroid Function in Lactating Women and Infants

Andersson

2021

Endocrine Reviews

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“…The placental iodine storage in the 50HI group was significantly higher than that in the NI group. Previous studies also support that the placenta stores iodine in a concentration-dependent manner and serves as longterm storage and supply (19)(20)(21). There was no statistically significant difference between the LI and 10HI groups and the NI group because the placenta is an important organ that forms a barrier where the maternal and fetal exchange occurs, which has a role in regulating abnormal maternal iodine status (22).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

Effects of maternal iodine nutritional status on neurodevelopmental and cognitive function of rat offspring

Guo

et al. 2022

Front. Nutr.

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ObjectivesThis study aimed to explore the effect of maternal iodine status on the brain development of offspring in rats. Since in human studies, the interference of environmental factors and other nutrients cannot be removed.Materials and methodsA total of 48 female Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: low iodine (LI), normal iodine (NI), 10-fold high iodine (10HI), and 50-fold high iodine (50HI). The rats were killed on the 15th day of pregnancy and lactation after collecting 24-h urine. The iodine concentration in 24-h urine, blood, and placenta of pregnant rats, and 24-h urine, milk, blood, and mammary glands of lactating rats was determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The thyroid hormone of pregnant and lactating rats was detected by chemiluminescence. The offspring were subjected to the Morris water maze on the 10th day after birth. Serum was collected to detect the thyroid hormone of offspring. The protein expression of neuroendocrine-specific protein (NSP)-A and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the offspring brain were studied.ResultsIodine storage in the placenta during pregnancy and mammary glands during lactation was positively correlated with iodine intake, and iodine storage in the placenta and mammary glands in the 50HI group was significantly higher than that in the NI group (P = 0.045 and P = 0.040). Compared with the NI group, the offspring thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) level was significantly higher in the 10HI group (P = 0.046), and the FT4 level was significantly lower in the 50HI group (P = 0.032). The Morris water maze showed that LI and 50HI groups required longer time and distance to find the platform than the NI group (P < 0.001). The platform crossing numbers in the LI and 50HI groups decreased significantly (P < 0.001). The expression of NSP-A in offspring brain was lower in the 10HI and 50HI groups than in the NI group (P = 0.026 and P = 0,008). BDNF expression levels were significantly lower in the LI, 10HI, and 50HI groups than in the NI group (P < 0.001).ConclusionMaternal iodine intake affects iodine storage in the placenta and lactating mammary gland, which in turn affects thyroid function and BDNF and NSP-A expression in the offspring.

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“…Animal experiments have confirmed the negative effects of excess iodine on brain development and hippocampal metabolism in offspring ( 37 ). Clinical studies have shown that there is strong evidence of a negative correlation between the peak neonatal TSH value and placental iodine level (r=0.763, P<0.001) ( 47 ). When pregnant women take excessive iodine, their foetuses are prone to hypothyroidism, which is disadvantageous to intrauterine growth and especially the development of the nervous system ( 38 ).…”

Section: Inorganic Iodine As a Drug In The Treatment Of Gdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of oral inorganic iodine in the treatment of Graves’ disease

Huang

et al. 2023

Front. Endocrinol.

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Iodine is a crucial trace element for the human body and the basic raw material for the synthesis of thyroid hormones. Oral inorganic iodine includes dietary iodine and therapeutic iodine, both of which are closely associated with thyroid immunity and metabolism. Graves’ disease (GD), also known as diffuse toxic goiter, is characterized by hyperthyroidism and high iodine metabolism. Clinically, patients diagnosed with GD are often asked to limit iodine intake or even avoid iodine in their diet. The latest research has demonstrated that the interference of dietary iodine with antithyroid drugs (ATDs) treatment may be overestimated. In addition, as a medication for GD treatment, the administration of inorganic iodine has shown positive results in patients with mild hyperthyroidism, a low thyroid autoantibody concentration, a small thyroid volume, a high iodine diet and so on. Inorganic iodine may also be used as an alternative when patients experience side effects with traditional ATDs and for those who still prefer conservative treatment. Due to its low teratogenicity, blood toxicity and bone marrow toxicity, inorganic iodine plays a unique role in special populations, such as pregnant or lactating patients and patients receiving tumor radiotherapy or chemotherapy. In this review, the research progress, biological function, doses and effects, applicable populations and specific applications of dietary iodine and therapeutic iodine are summarized to provide references for the diagnosis and treatment of GD, thus improving the quality of life of GD patients.

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The role of placental iodine storage in the neonatal thyroid stimulating hormone surge: iodine as a driving force to adapt the terrestrial life

Cited by 6 publications

References 33 publications

The Role of Iodine for Thyroid Function in Lactating Women and Infants

The Role of Iodine for Thyroid Function in Lactating Women and Infants

Effects of maternal iodine nutritional status on neurodevelopmental and cognitive function of rat offspring

Application of oral inorganic iodine in the treatment of Graves’ disease

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