The Role of Pi, Glutamine and the Essential Amino Acids in Modulating the Metabolism in Diabetes and Cancer

Vadlakonda, Lakshmipathi; Indracanti, Meera; Kalangi, Suresh K.; Gayatri, B Meher; Naidu, Navya G; Reddy, Aramati B. M.

doi:10.1007/s40200-020-00566-5

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 545 publications

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“…The liver plays a central role in the metabolism of amino acids in humans and other animals, This organ synthesizes many amino acids (including glutamic acid, glutamine, alanine, aspartic acid, asparagine, glycine, serine, and homoarginine), glucose, and glutathione (a major antioxidant) (Hou et al, 2020). In addition to the hydrolysis of arginine and glutamine, the oxidation of proline, and the gluconeogenesis of amino acids, the liver of fish also has a high rate of glutamate and glutamine oxidation to produce ATP, which controls the metabolic stability of glutamine (Vadlakonda et al, 2020). Under the action of NPs, on the one hand, glutamine catabolism is transformed into glutamic acid through glutaminase (GLS) in mitochondria, and the metabolism of GLS eventually leads to the increase of reduction potential, thus increasing levels of NADPH (Sun et al, 2023).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of polystyrene nanoplastic exposure on energy metabolism, lipid metabolism, and amino acid changes in Monopterus albus

Liu,

Zhou,

Zhou

et al. 2023

Front. Mar. Sci.

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Nanoplastics (NPs) have emerged as contaminants in recent years and have attracted widespread attention because of their ecotoxicological effects. This study aimed to document the effects of different concentrations of NPs on the Monopterus albus. M. albus. M. albus were orally administered three different concentrations of 100 nm polystyrene NPs (0.05%, 0.5%, and 1% of the feed) for 35 days. The effects of different NPs concentrations on energy metabolism, enzyme biomarker responses, gene expression responses, and amino acid changes were investigated in M. albus after exposure. The results revealed that the gene expression of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase and glucose-6-phosphatase was up-regulated after the ingestion of high concentrations of NPs. The gluconeogenic pathway was inhibited, lactic acid (LA) content was increased, anaerobic glycolysis was used to produce LA to power the organism, and the accumulation of NPs led to a decrease in total cholesterol and triglyceride levels in liver tissues. There were increases in the relative liver content of glutamine, glycine, and methionine, which may be due to antioxidation in the liver. The stress may caused by NPs leads to the formation of some glutamylated amino acids, which are converted into glutathione to play an antioxidant role. NPs also induced lipotoxicity of the liver organoid by increasing lipid accumulation, these include methyl tetradecanoate (myristate), pentadecanoic acid, eicosanoic acid (arachidic acid), heptadecanoic acid (margaric acid), 5,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid, and doconexent (Docosahexaenoic acid). Interestingly, some immune-related metabolites, such as 9-octadecenoic acid (oleic acid) and 9,12-octadecadienoic acid (linoleic acid), were significantly reduced, and these changes were probably caused by disturbances in hepatic lipid metabolism following NPs exposure.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of polystyrene nanoplastic exposure on energy metabolism, lipid metabolism, and amino acid changes in Monopterus albus

Liu,

Zhou,

Zhou

et al. 2023

Front. Mar. Sci.

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show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[74] Last, Glutamine, perhaps combined with fatty acids, may be therapeutic for mitochondrial and cellular protection from oxidative damage as glutamine has been shown to activate the synthesis of cholesterol and the fatty acids for reorganizing and stabilizing lipid membranes. [81] Recent research suggests alteration in the microbiome of individuals with ASD and their mothers during pregnancy. [82] Limited evidence suggest probiotics started during the prenatal or neonatal period may be protective of childhood disorders, particularly atopic disease.…”

Section: Implications For Treatment and Preventionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiological mediators of prenatal environmental influences in autism spectrum disorder

et al. 2021

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Recent research has pointed to the importance of the prenatal environment in the etiology of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) but the biological mechanisms which mitigate these environmental factors are not clear. Mitochondrial metabolism abnormalities, inflammation and oxidative stress as common physiological disturbances associated with ASD. Network analysis of the scientific literature identified several leading prenatal environmental factors associated with ASD, particularly air pollution, pesticides, the microbiome and epigenetics. These leading prenatal environmental factors were found to be most associated with inflammation, followed by oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. Other prenatal factors associated with ASD not identified by the network analysis were also found to be significantly associated with these common physiological disturbances. A better understanding of the biological mechanism which mediate the effect of prenatal environmental factors can lead to insights of how ASD develops and the development of targeted therapeutics to prevent ASD from occuring.

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“…Diabetes, better known as diabetes mellitus (DM), has roots in ancient times and is now recognised as a significant threat in the modern era [ 8 ]. Hyperglycemia in circulation and its excretion in the urine has been considered a symptom of diabetes in ancient times [ 9 ]. While modern medicine views diabetes as a neurometabolic disorder stemming from improper protein-rich diet intake and utilisation, it categorises it into four categories: Type 1 diabetes, Type 2 diabetes, secondary diabetes and gestational diabetes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of glutamine metabolism on diabetes Development:A scientometric review

Zhao,

Wang,

Lin

et al. 2024

Heliyon

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The Role of Pi, Glutamine and the Essential Amino Acids in Modulating the Metabolism in Diabetes and Cancer

Cited by 7 publications

References 545 publications

Effects of polystyrene nanoplastic exposure on energy metabolism, lipid metabolism, and amino acid changes in Monopterus albus

Effects of polystyrene nanoplastic exposure on energy metabolism, lipid metabolism, and amino acid changes in Monopterus albus

Physiological mediators of prenatal environmental influences in autism spectrum disorder

Influence of glutamine metabolism on diabetes Development:A scientometric review

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