The role of physical activity in the development and maintenance of eating disorders

Davis, Caroline; Kennedy, Sidney H.; Ravelski, E.; Dionne, Michelle

doi:10.1017/s0033291700029044

Cited by 261 publications

(212 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…A high percentage of anorexia nervosa (AN) subjects exercise intensively during the acute phase of the disorder. 35) Our findings suggest a possible role of low protein in AN induced hyperactivity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 54%

Executive Functions of Postweaning Protein Malnutrition in Mice

Sato

Nakagawasai

Tan-No

et al. 2011

Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin

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An inadequate supply of nutrition is one of the main nongenetic factors affecting brain development.1) Liu et al. 2) demonstrated that children with malnutrition signs at three years of age tend to have low IQ, excessive motor activity and antisocial behavior in adulthood. In the framework of such nutritional inadequacy, early protein malnutrition (PM) adversely affects central nervous system (CNS) maturation, resulting in long-lasting, or even permanent, deleterious effects. 3,4)Malnutrition is a common problem worldwide and occurs in both developing and developed countries. In developing countries malnutrition is associated with poverty or socioeconomic problems, whereas in developed countries, the weight of the newborn is influenced by the mothers diet 5) and the weight at birth affects subsequent development. 6) Also, in developed countries, severe malnutrition is commonly found in patients with eating disorders which frequently occurs during adolescence leading to interruptions of somatic and psychological development. The use of common weight control techniques by healthy weight adolescents can produce chronic undernutrition. 7)In rats, there are two principal types of PM experimental models: prenatal (i.e., gestation period) and early postnatal (i.e., lactation period) malnutrition. There are many studies focused on body and brain morphological affects of these PM models, such as body and brain weight, 3) hippocampal effects, 8,9) span of basilar dendrities 10) and neocortical effects.11) The prenatal and early postnatal PM also causes various abnormal behaviors, such as increased exploratory behavior, 12,13) reduced anxiety, 13,14) decreased social interaction, 15) increased depressive behavior, 16) increased aggressive behavior, 17,18) prepulse inhibition deficits 19) and impairment of memory-related behavior. [20][21][22] In contrast, there are remarkably few reports concerning postweaning PM effects on the CNS. Lukoyanov and Andrade 23) found that eight months of PM in adult rats induced a marked loss of neurons and synapses in the hippocampal formation and that the morphological alterations led to noticeable impairments in openfield behavior and spatial learning in the water maze. Thus, even if PM begins in adult animals, abnormal behaviors are induced which take a long time to express.The human brain develops rapidly in the last third of pregnancy and the first two years of life. Brain weight increases with age and achieves adult weight between six and 14 years of age. By two years of age the brain is approximately 80% of the adult weight and at one time it was believed that, to a large extent, brain development had ended. More recently it has become apparent that brain development continues through adolescence and even as adults the brain can adapt to changing circumstances. Adolescence is a particularly important time for brain development as more adult ways of thinking emerge: abstract thinking, deductive reasoning and the ability to solve problems. 24) There is increasing evidence that diet...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 54%

Executive Functions of Postweaning Protein Malnutrition in Mice

Sato

Nakagawasai

Tan-No

et al. 2011

Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin

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“…This temporal stability, alongside the greater number of personal correlates identified cross-sectionally (Goodwin et al, 2011a), could suggest that these risk factors are still related to compulsive exercise, but that their association occurred prior to the current baseline age here. Given that compulsive exercise is often the first symptom of eating disorders to appear (Davis et al, 1994), compulsive exercise could occur at an earlier age than was sampled in the current study. Therefore, prevention should target pre-adolescents.…”

Section: Risk Factors For Compulsive Exercisementioning

confidence: 99%

Psychological risk factors for compulsive exercise: A longitudinal investigation of adolescent boys and girls

Goodwin

Haycraft

Meyer

2014

Personality and Individual Differences

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Compulsive exercise is associated with unhealthy outcomes and is common among eating disorder populations. This study aimed to replicate previous cross-sectional work by considering psychological characteristics as longitudinal predictors of compulsive exercise. A sample of 369 adolescents (n = 221 female, n = 148 male) completed measures of compulsive exercise, eating disorder psychopathology, obsessive-compulsiveness, perfectionism, anxiety, and depression at baseline, and a measure of compulsive exercise two years later. For boys, greater obsessive-compulsiveness and self-oriented perfectionism predicted compulsive exercise, whilst among girls only baseline compulsive exercise was a significant predictor.Compulsive exercise prevention work among boys may benefit from targeting their levels of obsessive-compulsiveness and self-perfectionism. For girls, further risk factor research into compulsive exercise is required.

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“…Empirically, the findings are inconsistent. [1][2][3][4] Among the different ED diagnoses, patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) have been found more physically active when compared with bulimia nervosa (BN), 3,5 whereas information about patients with ED not otherwise specified (EDNOS) is lacking. One possible explanation for the inconsistent findings is the use of different assessment methods for physical activity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%