The Role of Photon Scattering in Optical Signal Distortion during Arrhythmia and Defibrillation

Bishop, Martin J.; Rodriguez, Blanca; Qu, Fujian; Efimov, Igor R.; Gavaghan, David; Trayanova, Natalia A.

doi:10.1529/biophysj.107.110981

Cited by 70 publications

(102 citation statements)

References 20 publications

(53 reference statements)

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“…As described previously (52), a leapfrogging approach was used to couple the monodomain partial differential equation with the system of ordinary differential equations that modeled cell-level phenomena. Our previous studies have described rigorous validation of this computational framework against experimental measurements (14,34,(54)(55)(56). All simulations were executed on 24 Intel Haswell CPUs (2.5 GHz) on the parallel computing resource at the Maryland Advanced Research Computing Center.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optogenetic defibrillation terminates ventricular arrhythmia in mouse hearts and human simulations

Bruegmann¹,

Boyle²,

Vogt³

et al. 2016

Journal of Clinical Investigation

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optogenetic defibrillation terminates ventricular arrhythmia in mouse hearts and human simulations

Bruegmann¹,

Boyle²,

Vogt³

et al. 2016

Journal of Clinical Investigation

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151

182

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“…For di-4-ANEPPS, as an example, the estimated penetration depth is 300μm in the rabbit heart 20 . Thus, interpretation of the optical signal should be done with caution when the local heterogeneity of electrical function are present in sinoatrial node, atrioventricular node, and during ventricular arrhythmia 1,21,22 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiparametric Optical Mapping of the Langendorff-perfused Rabbit Heart

Lou

Efimov

2011

JoVE

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Optical imaging and fluorescent probes have significantly advanced research methodology in the field of cardiac electrophysiology in ways that could not have been accomplished by other approaches 1 . With the use of the calcium-and voltage-sensitive dyes, optical mapping allows measurement of transmembrane action potentials and calcium transients with high spatial resolution without the physical contact with the tissue. This makes measurements of the cardiac electrical activity possible under many conditions where the use of electrodes is inconvenient or impossible 1 . For example, optical recordings provide accurate morphological changes of membrane potential during and immediately after stimulation and defibrillation, while conventional electrode techniques suffer from stimulus-induced artifacts during and after stimuli due to electrode polarization 1 .The Langendorff-perfused rabbit heart is one of the most studied models of human heart physiology and pathophysiology. Many types of arrhythmias observed clinically could be recapitulated in the rabbit heart model. It was shown that wave patterns in the rabbit heart during ventricular arrhythmias, determined by effective size of the heart and the wavelength of reentry, are very similar to that in the human heart 2 . It was also shown that critical aspects of excitation-contraction (EC) coupling in rabbit myocardium, such as the relative contribution of sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR), is very similar to human EC coupling 3 . Here we present the basic procedures of optical mapping experiments in Langendorff-perfused rabbit hearts, including the Langendorff perfusion system setup, the optical mapping systems setup, the isolation and cannulation of the heart, perfusion and dye-staining of the heart, excitation-contraction uncoupling, and collection of optical signals. These methods could be also applied to the heart from species other than rabbit with adjustments to flow rates, optics, solutions, etc.Two optical mapping systems are described. The panoramic mapping system is used to map the entire epicardium of the rabbit heart [4][5][6][7] . This system provides a global view of the evolution of reentrant circuits during arrhythmogenesis and defibrillation, and has been used to study the mechanisms of arrhythmias and antiarrhythmia therapy 8,9 . The dual mapping system is used to map the action potential (AP) and calcium transient (CaT) simultaneously from the same field of view [10][11][12][13] . This approach has enhanced our understanding of the important role of calcium in the electrical alternans and the induction of arrhythmia [14][15][16] . Video LinkThe video component of this article can be found at https://www.jove.com/video/3160/ Protocol 1. Preparation 1. Prepare freshly made Tyrodes' solution (in mM, 128.2 NaCl, 1.3 CaCl 2 , 4.7 KCl, 1.19 NaH 2 PO 4 , 1.05 MgCl 2 , 20.0 NaHCO 3 , and 11.1 glucose). To expedite the daily preparation of solutions, prepare two stock solutions in advance and store them at +4°C refrigerator: (1) Stock I (in g/2L, 374.6 ...

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“…In the original study by Hyatt et al (2003), the distribution of illuminating light was modelled by simply using a mono-exponential decay profile, made possible due to the regular cuboid domain over which the simulations were performed, with the photon diffusion equation used to simulate the distribution of fluorescent light during the process of emission. In later works (Bishop et al 2006c(Bishop et al , 2007b, however, the photon diffusion equation was also used to model the excitation process.…”

Section: Application Of the Photon Diffusion Equation To Simulation Omentioning

confidence: 99%

Biophotonic Modelling of Cardiac Optical Imaging

Bishop

Plank

2015

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology

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Computational models have been recently applied to simulate and better understand the nature of fluorescent photon scattering and optical signal distortion during cardiac optical imaging. The goal of such models is both to provide a useful post-processing tool to facilitate a more accurate and faithful comparison between computational simulations of electrical activity and experiments, as well as providing essential insight into the mechanisms underlying this distortion, suggesting ways in which it may be controlled or indeed utilised to maximise the information derived from the recorded fluorescent signal. Here, we present different modelling methodologies developed and used in the field to simulate both the explicit processes involved in optical signal synthesis and the resulting consequences of the effects of photon scattering within the myocardium upon the optically-detected signal. We focus our attentions to two main types of modelling approaches used to simulate light transport in cardiac tissue, specifically continuous (reaction-diffusion) and discrete stochastic (Monte Carlo) methods. For each method, we provide both a summary of the necessary methodological details of such models, in addition to brief reviews of relevant application studies which have sought to apply these methods to elucidate important information regarding experimentally-recorded optical signals under different circumstances.

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The Role of Photon Scattering in Optical Signal Distortion during Arrhythmia and Defibrillation

Cited by 70 publications

References 20 publications

Optogenetic defibrillation terminates ventricular arrhythmia in mouse hearts and human simulations

Optogenetic defibrillation terminates ventricular arrhythmia in mouse hearts and human simulations

Multiparametric Optical Mapping of the Langendorff-perfused Rabbit Heart

Biophotonic Modelling of Cardiac Optical Imaging

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