The role of pheromones and biostimulation in animal reproduction

Rekwot, P.I.; Ogwu, D.; Oyedipe, E.O.; Sekoni, V.O.

doi:10.1016/s0378-4320(00)00223-2

Cited by 189 publications

(114 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Complete loss of VNO function, however, is unlikely to be responsible for the small V1R repertoires of dogs and cows, because TRP2, the ion channel necessary for VNO pheromone signal transduction (45,46), is apparently functional in cows (47), and we were able to identify a complete ORF for dog TRP2 from the genome sequence. Furthermore, there have been reports of bovine pheromones that induce estrus, which is likely mediated by the VNO (48,49). Is it possible that the V1R repertoires have shrunk during the domestications of dog and cow because of either artificial selection or genetic drift?…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dramatic variation of the vomeronasal pheromone receptor gene repertoire among five orders of placental and marsupial mammals

Grus

Shi

Zhang

et al. 2005

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

179

209

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Pheromones are chemicals emitted and sensed by conspecifics to elicit social and sexual responses and are perceived in terrestrial vertebrates primarily by the vomeronasal organ (VNO). Pheromone receptors in the mammalian VNO are encoded by the V1R and V2R gene superfamilies. The V1R superfamily contains 187 and 102 putatively functional genes in the mouse and rat, respectively. To investigate whether this large repertoire size is typical among mammals with functional VNOs, we here describe the V1R repertoires of dog, cow, and opossum based on their draft genome sequences. The dog and cow have only 8 and 32 intact V1R genes, respectively. Thus, the intact V1R repertoire size varies by at least 23-fold among placental mammals with functional VNOs. To our knowledge, this size ratio represents the greatest among-species variation in gene family size of all mammalian gene families. Phylogenetic analysis of placental V1R genes suggests multiple losses of ancestral genes in carnivores and artiodactyls and gains of many new genes by gene duplication in rodents, manifesting massive gene births and deaths. We also identify 49 intact opossum V1R genes and discover independent expansions of the repertoire in placentals and marsupials. We further show a concordance between the V1R repertoire size and the complexity of VNO morphology, suggesting that the latter could indicate the sophistication of pheromone communications within species. In sum, our results demonstrate tremendous diversity and rapid evolution of mammalian V1R gene inventories and caution the generalization of VNO biology from rodents to all mammals. evolution ͉ dog ͉ cow ͉ opossum ͉ rodents

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dramatic variation of the vomeronasal pheromone receptor gene repertoire among five orders of placental and marsupial mammals

Grus

Shi

Zhang

et al. 2005

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

179

209

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“…Although we cannot exclude that visual and auditory contact played a role in stimulation, it is most likely that the olfactory and pheromonal contact was of primary importance as has been observed in many mammal species and in spontaneous as well as induced ovulators (e.g. Rekwot et al, 2001). Relton et al (2013), for example, determined that male contact, olfactory as well as physical, significantly influenced ovulation and female reproductive development of the Namaqua rock mouse from South Africa.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

The pattern of ovulation in the southern African spiny mouse (Acomys spinosissimus)

et al. 2014

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Running title: Ovulation in Acomys spinosissimusAbstract: The pattern of ovulation in mammals is generally considered to be either spontaneous or induced by coitus. The present study aimed to assess the pattern of ovulation in the southern African spiny mice (Acomys spinosissimus). Females were divided into three treatments differing in the degree of contact with a male. Control females had no contact with males, separated females had only chemical, auditory and visual contact with a male as the sexes were separated with wire mesh and paired females had full contact with a vasectomized male and copulations were possible. Each treatment consisted of seven females and the ovarian mass, the number of primary, secondary/tertiary and Graafian follicles as well as presence of corpora lutea were compared between the three treatments. Faecal progestagen metabolite (FPM) concentrations were analysed for every second day throughout the experiment and they were used to determine luteal phases and oestrous cycles. Corpora lutea were found in both the control and the paired treatment indicating that ovulation also occurred in the absence of coitus. There was also no effect of treatment on ovarian mass or follicle numbers. In contrast, only females in the separated and paired treatments exhibited luteal phases and oestrous cycles. Especially at the beginning of the experiment, FPM concentrations were higher in those two groups than the control. The results indicate that A. spinosissimus appears to ovulate spontaneously, although physical as well as olfactory male cues appear to be of great importance to enhance reproductive efforts of females.

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“…Exposed bulls were able to observe the mounting activity of these females in conjunction with fenceline contact, thus allowing for tactile stimulation. We thought this contact and visualization would be beneficial to attainment of puberty because these stimuli have been shown to be important in the process of detection of estrus by bulls [5]. Almquist [8] proved that carefully managed false mounting and a prolonged period of sexual preparation by bulls observing other bulls mounting before semen collection can increase sperm output of beef bulls collected once or twice weekly.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Across species, pheromones secreted in urine, feces, and glands have been shown to influence the female reproductive system via phermonal detection by the vomeronasal organ and subsequent effects on the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis [5,6]. Pheromones may act alone in combination with visual, auditory, and (or) tactile cues [5] such as mounting activity, vocalization, licking, and nuzzling though potential effects of non-pheromonal cues largely remain to be delineated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Exposure of prepubertal beef bulls to cycling females does not enhance sexual development

Miller

Fike

2014

Theriogenology

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The role of pheromones and biostimulation in animal reproduction

Cited by 189 publications

References 55 publications

Dramatic variation of the vomeronasal pheromone receptor gene repertoire among five orders of placental and marsupial mammals

Dramatic variation of the vomeronasal pheromone receptor gene repertoire among five orders of placental and marsupial mammals

The pattern of ovulation in the southern African spiny mouse (Acomys spinosissimus)

Exposure of prepubertal beef bulls to cycling females does not enhance sexual development

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