The role of pharmaceutical agents: Japanese studies

Hosaka, Akio

doi:10.1111/j.1755-3768.1988.tb02687.x

Cited by 19 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…However, the evidence from a number of cross sectional 12–14 and longitudinal studies 15,16 investigating a range of populations have presented conflicting results regarding the potential association between IOP and the presence or progression of myopia in human subjects. Attempts to arrest myopia progression by lowering IOP using adrenergic antagonists have also not consistently proved to be effective 17–19 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Attempts to arrest myopia progression by lowering IOP using adrenergic antagonists have also not consistently proved to be effective. [17][18][19] There have been relatively limited studies on human subjects investigating the short-term influence of elevated IOP on the axial length of the eye. Short-term mechanically induced IOP elevations of relatively large magnitude (i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The short‐term influence of elevated intraocular pressure on axial length

Read

Collins

Annis-Brown

et al. 2011

Ophthalmic Physiologic Optic

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The short‐term influence of elevated intraocular pressure on axial length

Read

Collins

Annis-Brown

et al. 2011

Ophthalmic Physiologic Optic

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…A trial using 0.25 per cent timolol maleate twice daily over two years achieved a lowering of IOP by 2.0 to 3.0 mmHg but failed to find a significant effect on myopic progression . Another similar study over five months did not find any favourable effect regarding myopic progression . The levels of compliance with the regimens recommended to the participants in these studies is unknown; however, assuming a high level of compliance with the daily routine of drop instillation, the results were disappointing.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

An examination of the relation between intraocular pressure, fundal stretching and myopic pathology

McMonnies

2016

Clinical and Experimental Optometry

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Pathological myopia is one of the leading causes of visual impairment worldwide. Myopic development and progression is biomechanical and dominated by axial elongation. This clinical perspective examines some of the stretch-related fundal changes, which are associated with axial elongation and myopic pathology. The biomechanics of stretching of the fundus appears to depend on genetically and/or visual experience-based scleral changes, which reduce its thickness and elastic modulus so that it becomes more susceptible to the distending forces of intraocular pressure. These changes include reduced collagen synthesis, altered collagen fibres, tissue loss, altered proteoglycans and increased matrix metalloproteinase activity. Such changes are associated with reduced scleral rigidity and related increased potential to stretch in response to intraocular pressure. As axial elongation progresses, the sclera appears likely to continue to reduce in thickness and in its capacity to resist intraocular pressure, especially when pressure becomes elevated. Tessellation, lacquer cracks, myopic crescents, staphylomata, chorioretinal atrophy and retinal detachment are examined within a model for stretching of the fundus. Age, refractive error and axial length, for example, are associated with increased pathological progression. Myopic pathological progression can become dominated by vascular changes and include a greater risk of loss of acuity and blindness. Measures to control myopic pathology, which successfully slow or prevent stretching of the fundus, appear to be key factors in reducing or even avoiding permanent visual loss associated with this condition. For example, limiting axial elongation and related myopic fundus pathology by inhibiting changes which reduce the elastic modulus of scleral tissue is a desirable outcome from interventions to control myopia. Similarly, reducing exposure to the distending stress of elevated intraocular pressure appears to be a desirable form of intervention to control myopia, especially if myopic pathology can be reduced or prevented.

show abstract

“…The use of 0.25% timolol maleate twice daily achieved a lowering of IOP by 2 to 3 mmHg over a two‐year period in children with a correction of at least ‐1.25 D in one eye; however, there was no significant difference in myopic progression . Similarly, the use of 0.25% timolol in myopes seven to 20 years old did not reduce myopic progression after five months . Perhaps these outcomes were unsatisfactory because the use of pharmacological agents to lower mean IOP would not eliminate the potential for even lower than normal IOP to promote irreversible elongation in eyes with susceptible sclerae.…”

Section: Epiloguementioning

confidence: 99%

“…94 Similarly, the use of 0.25% timolol in myopes seven to 20 years old did not reduce myopic progression after five months. 95 Perhaps these outcomes were unsatisfactory because the use of pharmacological agents to lower mean IOP would not eliminate the potential for even lower than normal IOP to promote irreversible elongation in eyes with susceptible sclerae. Also, the use of pharmacological agents does not eliminate the potential for IOP-elevating activities to contribute to abnormally high levels of distending stress.…”

Section: Epiloguementioning

confidence: 99%

An examination of the baropathic nature of axial myopia

McMonnies

2014

Clinical and Experimental Optometry

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

An examination of how intraocular pressure distending forces on the posterior sclera are an important mechanism in the development and progression of axial myopia has been made. Papers were selected from the results of PubMed (143) and Science Direct (1,398) searches using the key word combinations of ‘axial myopia’ and ‘intraocular pressure’. The main points include that the sclera is exposed to distending forces at all levels of physiological and pathological intraocular pressure. Reversible axial elongation is a common physiological response to elevated intraocular pressure in healthy eyes but more so in myopic eyes. Key variables, which appear to determine pathological (non‐reversible) axial elongation include the thickness, rigidity and viscoelasticity of the posterior sclera and the associated increased susceptibility of it to distending forces. Intraocular pressure appears likely to have a greater role when it is above normal. Intraocular pressure elevations, which are not detected by clinical or experimental tonometry, may be significant contributors to axial elongation. Axial elongation can be pathological in myopic or myopically predisposed eyes, when elongation is not reversible. Axial elongation has also been associated with retinal defocus in both animals and humans, when thinning due to loss of scleral collagen and/or ground substance, which is driven by the retina, appears likely to be associated with increased scleral susceptibility to intraocular pressure. As myopia progresses, signs of retinal and choroidal stretching are an increasingly apparent consequence of the balloon‐like expansion of the posterior sclera in response to intraocular pressure. Avoidance or moderation of activities which are known to elevate intraocular pressure may improve the prognosis for patients with genetic and/or environmental predisposition to myopic progression and may be an important consideration, even when other myopic control measures are being used.

show abstract

The role of pharmaceutical agents: Japanese studies

Cited by 19 publications

References 0 publications

The short‐term influence of elevated intraocular pressure on axial length

The short‐term influence of elevated intraocular pressure on axial length

An examination of the relation between intraocular pressure, fundal stretching and myopic pathology

An examination of the baropathic nature of axial myopia

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About