The role of pH in the melanin biosynthesis pathway.

High-field/high-frequency EPR spectroscopy on synthetic melanin: on the origin of carbon-centered radicals

“…For Ndef + , it was considered only its anionic structure (i.e., Ndef + + e -= Ndef). The presence of Ndef + species may not be common; however, they arise from synthetic defect-like structures 26 and is usually seen in the fitting of N1s XPS spectra. 57,58,68,69 The g-values (g xx , g yy and g zz ) were estimated with the aid of Orca 3.0.3 computational package, 70 in a DFT/B3LYP/6-31G(d,p) approach.…”

“…Ndef + is attributed to a charged structure, a synthesis defect. 26 (b) Proposed building blocks of sulfonated melanin. 27 Perhaps one of the most studied properties of melanin is its persistent paramagnetic signal, which can easily be detected with continues-wave (CW) electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), at various experimental conditions.…”

“…HQ denotes hydroquinone, QI quinone imine, IQ indolequinone and SQ semiquinone. Ndef + is attributed to a charged structure, a synthesis defect 26. (b) Proposed building blocks of sulfonated melanin 27.…”

A genetic typing method for albino mutation in the Mongolian gerbil by PCR‐RFLP analysis

“…Tyrosinase (Tyr) is a copper-containing enzyme that plays an important role in melanin production by catalyzing the oxidation of tyrosine to dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA), DOPA to L-dopaquinone, and 5,6-dihydroxyindole to 5,6-indolequinone in the skin, hair, and eyes (Korner & Pawelek 1982). The efficiency of melanin synthesis is therefore a function of the Tyr expression and its activity, where these are positively correlated (Canovas et al 1982). Loss of function of this enzyme caused by gene mutation results in albinism.…”

“…The efficiency of melanin synthesis is therefore a function of the Tyr expression and its activity, where these are positively correlated (Canovas et al . 1982). Loss of function of this enzyme caused by gene mutation results in albinism.…”