The role of perception in the mislocalization of the final position of a moving target.

Kerzel, Dirk; Jordan, J. Scott; Müsseler, Jochen

doi:10.1037/0096-1523.27.4.829

Cited by 80 publications

(106 citation statements)

References 53 publications

(104 reference statements)

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“…Finally, eye movements should be assessed in all these cases as the role of ocular smooth pursuit could be related to RM (Kerzel, 2000(Kerzel, , 2003Kerzel, Jordan, & Müsseler, 2001). Similarly, with eye fixation RM has been found to be weaker for continuous motion (Kerzel, 2003) as used in the present study, which may partially explain the findings.…”

contrasting

confidence: 36%

Tactile motion lacks momentum

Macauda

Lenggenhager

Meier

et al. 2017

Psychological Research

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The displacement of the final position of a moving object in the direction of the observed motion path, i.e. an overestimation, is known as Representational Momentum. It has been described both in the visual and auditory modality, and is suggested to be modality-independent.Here, we tested whether a Representational Momentum can also be demonstrated in the somatosensory domain. While the cognitive literature on Representational Momentum suggests that it can, previous work on the psychophysics of tactile motion perception would rather predict an underestimation of the perceived endpoint of a tactile stimulus. Tactile motion stimuli were applied on the left and the right dorsal forearms of 32 healthy participants, who were asked to indicate the subjectively perceived endpoint of the stimulation. Velocity and direction of the trajectory was varied. Contrary to the prediction based on the Representational Momentum literature, participants in our experiment significantly displaced the endpoint against the direction of movement (underestimation). The results are thus compatible with previous psychophysical findings on the perception of tactile motion. Further studies combining paradigms from classical psychophysics and cognitive psychology will be needed to resolve the apparently paradoxical predictions by the two literatures.

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confidence: 36%

Tactile motion lacks momentum

Macauda

Lenggenhager

Meier

et al. 2017

Psychological Research

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“…As noted above, moving objects that disappear abruptly do not usually appear to overshoot their final positions. Although representational momentum (Freyd & Finke, 1984;Hubbard & Bharucha, 1988) states that moving objects are remembered to disappear beyond their final position, these findings can be explained by cognitive processes or eye movements and visual persistence (Kerzel, 2000;Kerzel, Jordan, & Müsseler, 2001). In the flash-terminated flash-lag display, no overshoot of the moving object is perceived.…”

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confidence: 99%

Going, going, gone: Localizing abrupt offsets of moving objects.

Maus¹,

Nijhawan²

2009

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Perfor

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When a moving object abruptly disappears, this profoundly influences its localization by the visual system. In Experiment 1, 2 aligned objects moved across the screen, and 1 of them abruptly disappeared. Observers reported seeing the objects misaligned at the time of the offset, with the continuing object leading. Experiment 2 showed that the perceived forward displacement of the moving object depended on speed and that offsets were localized accurately. Two competing representations of position for moving objects are proposed: 1 based on a spatially extrapolated internal model, and the other based on transient signals elicited by sudden changes in the object trajectory that can correct the forward-shifted position. Experiment 3 measured forward displacements for moving objects that disappeared only for a short time or abruptly reduced contrast by various amounts. Manipulating the relative strength of the 2 position representations in this way resulted in intermediate positions being perceived, with weaker motion signals or stronger transients leading to less forward displacement. This 2-process mechanism is advantageous because it uses available information about object position to maximally reduce spatiotemporal localization errors.Keywords: flash-lag effect, backward masking, visual transients, motion extrapolation, moving objects Supplemental materials: http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0012317.suppIn the flash-lag effect, a moving object appears to be ahead of a spatially aligned flashed object. This finding has sparked a debate about how the nervous system processes moving objects and determines their perceived position. This is an important problem as neural delays in the retina and the central vision pathway are liable to lead to spatial localization errors. One hypothesis, termed motion extrapolation, states that moving objects are spatially shifted forward to counteract the influence of neural delays in the visual pathways on the perceived position of moving objects (Nijhawan, 1994). If one assumes that perceptual awareness of the position of an object requires cortical activity, then a delay in the pathway from the photoreceptors to the primary visual cortex of about 80 ms (Schmolesky et al, 1998) would imply that moving objects are always perceived to lag their "true" position by the distance they moved in that time. However, by analyzing the speed and direction of a moving object, the visual system could extrapolate its position forward by an appropriate amount and so compensate for these processing delays. In the flash-lag effect, this forward shift is apparent, because the flash does not undergo an equivalent spatial shift, thereby resulting in a perceived gap between the moving object and the flash, although they are physically aligned.Several alternative accounts have been brought forward to explain the findings of the flash-lag effect, amongst them differential attentional deployment

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“…In contrast, low-level theories explain forward displacements with mechanisms that occur at the perceptual level. For instance, it has been proposed that ocular tracking of target motion induces an overshoot of the final position (Kerzel, 2000;Kerzel, Jordan, & Müsseler, 2001). Furthermore, since no forward displacement was observed when a fixation point was used during stimulus presentation, Kerzel (2005) argued that a pursuit of the target motion is required in order to predict the course of motion.…”

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A comparison of visual and auditory representational momentum in spatial tasks

Schmiedchen

Freigang

Rübsamen

et al. 2013

Atten Percept Psychophys

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Similarities have been observed in the localization of the final position of moving visual and moving auditory stimuli: Perceived endpoints that are judged to be farther in the direction of motion in both modalities likely reflect extrapolation of the trajectory, mediated by predictive mechanisms at higher cognitive levels. However, actual comparisons of the magnitudes of displacement between visual tasks and auditory tasks using the same experimental setup are rare. As such, the purpose of the present free-field study was to investigate the influences of the spatial location of motion offset, stimulus velocity, and motion direction on the localization of the final positions of moving auditory stimuli (Experiment 1 and 2) and moving visual stimuli (Experiment 3). To assess whether auditory performance is affected by dynamically changing binaural cues that are used for the localization of moving auditory stimuli (interaural time differences for low-frequency sounds and interaural intensity differences for high-frequency sounds), two distinct noise bands were employed in Experiments 1 and 2. In all three experiments, less precise encoding of spatial coordinates in paralateral space resulted in larger forward displacements, but this effect was drowned out by the underestimation of target eccentricity in the extreme periphery. Furthermore, our results revealed clear differences between visual and auditory tasks. Displacements in the visual task were dependent on velocity and the spatial location of the final position, but an additional influence of motion direction was observed in the auditory tasks. Together, these findings indicate that the modalityspecific processing of motion parameters affects the extrapolation of the trajectory.

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The role of perception in the mislocalization of the final position of a moving target.

Cited by 80 publications

References 53 publications

Tactile motion lacks momentum

Tactile motion lacks momentum

Going, going, gone: Localizing abrupt offsets of moving objects.

A comparison of visual and auditory representational momentum in spatial tasks

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