The role of paradigms and technical strategies for implementation of the circular economy in the polymer and composite recycling industries

Hussain, Abrar; Podgursky, Vitali; Viljus, Mart; Awan, Muhammad Rizwan

doi:10.1016/j.aiepr.2022.10.001

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 77 publications

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“…Circularity is still a theoretical concept in nature. In our previous research, Hussain et al [ 138 ] presented paradigms and technical strategies for the implementation of circularity in polymer composite industries. The decrease in quality and performance of polymer waste occurs due to extensive use during service life.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Circular Production, Designing, and Mechanical Testing of Polypropylene-Based Reinforced Composite Materials: Statistical Analysis for Potential Automotive and Nuclear Applications

et al. 2023

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The circularity of polymer waste is an emerging field of research in Europe. In the present research, the thermal, surface, mechanical, and tribological properties of polypropylene (PP)-based composite produced by injection molding were studied. The pure PP matrix was reinforced with 10, 30, and 40% wt. of pure cotton, synthetic polyester, and polyethylene terephthalate post-consumer fibers using a combination of direct extrusion and injection molding techniques. Results indicate that PP-PCPESF-10% wt. exhibits the highest value of tensile strength (29 MPa). However, the values of tensile and flexural strain were lowered with an increase in fiber content due to the presence of micro-defects. Similarly, the values of modulus of elasticity, flexural modulus, flexural strength, and impact energy were enhanced due to an increase in the amount of fiber. The PP-PCCF-40% wt. shows the highest values of flexural constant (2780 MPa) and strength (57 MPa). Additionally, the increase in fiber loadings is directly proportional to the creation of micro-defects, surface roughness, abrasive wear, coefficient of friction, and erosive wear. The lowest average absolute arithmetic surface roughness value (Ra) of PP and PP-PCCF, 10% wt., were 0.19 µm and 0.28 µm. The lowest abrasive wear value of 3.09 × 10−6 mm3/Nm was found for pure PP. The erosive wear value (35 mm3/kg) of PP-PCCF 40% wt. composite material was 2 to 17 times higher than all other composite materials. Finally, the single-step analysis of variance predicts reasonable results in terms of the p-values of each composite material for commercial applications.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similarly, continuous, and periodic mechanical interactions produce slip and shear on the surface of polymeric materials. The shear process initiates plastic deformation, surface damage, distortion, and even fracture [ 138 ]. At the end of the service life of polymeric products, the performance and quality decreased.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Circular Production, Designing, and Mechanical Testing of Polypropylene-Based Reinforced Composite Materials: Statistical Analysis for Potential Automotive and Nuclear Applications

et al. 2023

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“…Recycling helps to manufacture green products with minimal waste. 5 The process of waste's conversion into product is known as recycling. Recycling starts with separation and sorting of natural and synthetic types of waste.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…After separation, polymer waste of high purity is transformed into fine fibers or powder using grinding. 5,6 On the other hand, in addition to grinding, impure waste is usually required secondary processing techniques to enhance the amount of valuable polymer. 7 Pure cotton (more than 25 million tons), synthetic polyester (61 million metric tons) and polyethylene terephthalate (35 million metric tons) are commercial types of natural and man-made types of polymers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Industrial approach to circularity of polymer composites: Processing, characterization, mechanical testing, and wear regression

Hussain

Podgursky

Goljandin

et al. 2023

Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites

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Cotton, polyester, and polyethylene terephthalate are the most common types of polymers that produce huge wastes. The circularity of these post-consumer (PC) waste faces operational problems during processing. In this innovative research, the relationship between circularity, surface characterization, mechanical and tribological testing of fiber reinforced (cotton, polyester), and particulate (polyethylene terephthalate) composites is explored for industrial pilot production. Cutting model can control the size of fibers during grinding. The fiber reinforced composites (FRCs) with 10% (by weight) fiber loadings are found as operational candidates for structural, automotive, and medical applications due to suitable tensile strength (26–29 MPa), percentage of extension (10%) and abrasive wear (3 × 10−6 mm3/Nm). An increase in fiber content produces micro-defects like asperities, rough areas, voids, cracks, and pits in recycled composites. Therefore, the particulate and FRCs with 40% (by weight) fiber loadings become hard and brittle. However, these composites (especially with 40% wt. fiber loadings) exhibit reasonable elastic modulus (1526–2751 MPa) and abrasive wear (6.5 × 10−6 mm3/Nm). The ductile to brittle transition effect has appeared in all composites (with 30% wt. fiber content) due to continuous fiber addition, micro-defects creation and dual phase presence. In conclusion, natural and synthetic PC wastes can be utilized for sustainable processing of commercial polymer composites. Moreover, injection molding, polymer characterization, tensile testing, abrasion evaluation, and regression analysis can be introduced for the transformation of open-loop into closed-loop manufacturing.

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“…These granules become the raw material for the manufacture of new plastic products. In this way, polymer recycling becomes a cornerstone of the circular economy, substantially reducing the amount of plastic waste that ends up in landfills and minimizing the need to extract natural resources [24].…”

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Polymers in Circular Economy: A Comprehensive Approach to Sustainability. An overview.

Aranda,

Zúñiga,

Rivas

2023

J. Chil. Chem. Soc.

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The circular economy has emerged as a fundamental paradigm in the search for sustainable solutions in the global economic context, as an innovative approach that seeks to transform the way we consume and produce goods and services. Its fundamental principles are based on the reduction, reuse and recycling of resources, promoting sustainability and minimizing waste. This new way of thinking has applications in a variety of sectors, from manufacturing to waste management. The implementation of government policies and regulations play an important role in promoting the circular economy by setting standards and requirements for responsible resource management. However, there are challenges and barriers that need to be overcome, such as resistance to change and the need for upfront investments. Despite these obstacles, there are successful examples of circular economy around the world, demonstrating the tangible benefits of this approach in terms of waste reduction. This paper presents an exploration and analysis of the circular economy, providing a vision of its foundation, applications and challenges in promoting a more sustainable management of resources and products globally.

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The role of paradigms and technical strategies for implementation of the circular economy in the polymer and composite recycling industries

Cited by 6 publications

References 77 publications

Circular Production, Designing, and Mechanical Testing of Polypropylene-Based Reinforced Composite Materials: Statistical Analysis for Potential Automotive and Nuclear Applications

Circular Production, Designing, and Mechanical Testing of Polypropylene-Based Reinforced Composite Materials: Statistical Analysis for Potential Automotive and Nuclear Applications

Industrial approach to circularity of polymer composites: Processing, characterization, mechanical testing, and wear regression

Polymers in Circular Economy: A Comprehensive Approach to Sustainability. An overview.

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