The role of oxygen availability in the embryonation of Heterakis gallinarum eggs

Saunders, L. M.; Tompkins, Daniel M.; Hudson, Peter J.

doi:10.1016/s0020-7519(00)00139-9

Cited by 26 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…However, this study confirms that unembryonated eggs will survive for at least 16 days at 25ºC in anaerobic condition yet development will not take place. These results are in agreement with the work of Saunders et al (2000) who reported that undeveloped H. gallinarum eggs remained viable even after 60 days of exposure to very low oxygen conditions. However, unlike our findings, it was mentioned that the embryonation rate of such egg was reduced and the length of time to the initiation of embryonation, once introduced to aerobic condition was shortened.…”

Section: Oxygensupporting

confidence: 93%

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Environmental tolerance of free-living stages of the poultry roundworm Ascaridia galli

Tarbiat

Jansson

Höglund

2015

Veterinary Parasitology

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Section: Oxygensupporting

confidence: 93%

“…In this respect, it was shown that daily fluctuations in temperature could accelerate parasite development rate (Saunders et al 2000;Saunders et al 2002).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental tolerance of free-living stages of the poultry roundworm Ascaridia galli

Tarbiat

Jansson

Höglund

2015

Veterinary Parasitology

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“…This could be due to increased bacterial growth at high temperatures and consequent decrease in dissolved oxygen limiting development of eggs in those samples. Lack of oxygen has been shown to prevent larval development within the eggs of the ascarid nematode Heterakis gallinarum (Saunders et al 2000). Alternatively, since this temperature is close to the previously reported upper threshold for development of 37°C, breakdown of the physiological processes of development in some eggs at 35°C could increase variation in results.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 54%

Temperature and the development and survival of infective Toxocara canis larvae

et al. 2011

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The influence of temperature on the development and survival of Toxocara canis larvae was investigated under laboratory conditions, in water at 15, 20, 25, 30 and 35°C and at room temperature 22°C ± 1°C. T. canis eggs were able to develop to the larvated stage at all the tested temperatures. Development rate increased with temperature. Linear regression of development rate against temperature predicted a lower development threshold of 11.8°C. Eggs survived cooling to 1 and -2°C for 6 weeks, and could develop to the infective, larvated stage when transferred to higher temperatures, but their development rates were then retarded compared with non-chilled eggs. Larvated eggs remained viable after 7 weeks of incubation across the tested temperature range, with the highest percentage viability (47%) obtained at 25°C. Development of eggs to the infective larval stage required, on average, 121 degree days between 20°C and 30°C. Results provide a basis for predicting variation in the infectivity of eggs in the environment over time in different climates.

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“…Haemonchus contortus , Hetereakis gallinarum , Nematodirus battus , Ostertagia ostertagi , Trichostrongylus spp) have found that egg hatching and larval development were accelerated in warmer temperatures, but excessive high values had a negative effect on their survival (Crofton, ; Ciordia & Bizzell, ; Thomas, ; Stromberg, ; Saunders et al ., ; van Dijk & Morgan, ). Eggs exposed to stochastic fluctuations in temperature also developed faster when compared to constant or cyclic temperature regimes (Saunders et al ., , ). Together, these studies support the hypothesis that the intensity, duration, and frequency of thermal cues are crucial for the development and survival of helminth free‐living stages.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate changes influence free‐living stages of soil‐transmitted parasites of European rabbits

Hernandez

Poole

Cattadori

2013

Global Change Biology

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Climate warming has been suggested to augment the risk of infectious disease outbreaks by extending the seasonal window for parasite growth and by increasing the rate of transmission. Understanding how this occurs in parasite-host systems is important for appreciating long-term and seasonal changes in host exposure to infection and to reduce species extinction caused by diseases. We investigated how free-living stages of two soil-transmitted helminths of the European rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) responded to experimental changes in temperature by performing laboratory experiments with environmental chambers and field manipulations using open-top-chambers. This study was motivated by our previous observations that air temperature has increased over the last 30 years in our field site and that during this period intensity of infection of Graphidium strigosum but not Trichostrongylus retortaeformis was positively associated with this temperature increase. Laboratory and field experiments showed that both parasites accelerated egg development and increased hatching rate and larval survival in response to accumulating thermal energy. Both parasites behaved similarly when exposed to diverse temperature regimes, decadal trends, and monthly fluctuations, however, T. retortaeformis was more successful than G. strigosum by showing higher rates of egg hatching and larval survival. Across the months, the first day of hatching occurred earlier in warmer conditions suggesting that climate warming can lengthen the period of parasite growth and host exposure to infective stages. Also, T. retortaeformis hatched earlier than G. strigosum. These findings showed that seasonal changes in intensity, frequency, and duration of daily temperature are important causes of variability in egg hatching and larva survival. Overall, this study emphasizes the important role of climate warming and seasonality on the dynamics of free-living stages in soil-transmitted helminths and their contribution to enhance host exposure to parasitic infections. Yet, the ability to infect might ultimately depend on how hosts interact with parasites.

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The role of oxygen availability in the embryonation of Heterakis gallinarum eggs

Cited by 26 publications

References 19 publications

Environmental tolerance of free-living stages of the poultry roundworm Ascaridia galli

Environmental tolerance of free-living stages of the poultry roundworm Ascaridia galli

Temperature and the development and survival of infective Toxocara canis larvae

Climate changes influence free‐living stages of soil‐transmitted parasites of European rabbits

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