The Role of Opsonins in the Clearance of Living and Inert Particles by Cells of the Reticuloendothelial System

Jenkin, CR; Rowley, D.

doi:10.1084/jem.114.3.363

Cited by 121 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 15 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…When the above evidence is considered in conjunction with the low efficiency of serum from tolerant donors in neutralizing endotoxin toxicity despite in vitro incubation at 37 ° C for 1 hour (21), it appears likely that the humoral factors responsible for tolerance act, in part at least, indirectly by preparing endotoxin for more rapid phagocytosis by the RES; i.e., they behave as opsonins. This thesis is consistent with the hypothesis of Jenkin and Rowley (22) that opsonins are required for RES phagocytosis of colloidal particles. It seems peculiar that such "opsonins" are resistant to thorotrast, since RES blockade with colloidal agents is accompanied by opsonin depletion (22): Recent findings by Murray (23) resolve this problem.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…This thesis is consistent with the hypothesis of Jenkin and Rowley (22) that opsonins are required for RES phagocytosis of colloidal particles. It seems peculiar that such "opsonins" are resistant to thorotrast, since RES blockade with colloidal agents is accompanied by opsonin depletion (22): Recent findings by Murray (23) resolve this problem. It was shown that opsonins possess specificity determined by the surface properties of the colloidal particle.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Mechanisms of Endotoxin Tolerance

Greisman

Carozza

Hills

1963

The Journal of Experimental Medicine

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Following the demonstration by Beeson that induced tolerance to the pyrogenic activity of bacterial endotoxins could be reversed by reticuloendothelial system (RES) "blockade" (1), evidence has accumulated suggesting that accderated phagocytosis of endotoxin by the RES represents the major mechanism of tolerance.Tolerant animals dear endotoxin more rapidly from the circulation as detected by bioassay of plasma samples (1-3) and by disappearance of lethal doses of radioactively tagged endotoxin (4); the latter studies also demonstrate increased hepatic localization. In the tolerant animal, RES phagocytic activity for colloids is increased (5), weight and histologic appearance indicate 1LES hypertrophy (5), and treatment with a variety of agents which blockade the RES abolishes tolerance (7). Tolerance cannot be correlated with specific antibody titer (8, 9) and can be induced readily in subjects with agammaglobulinemia (10). Serum from tolerant donors confers no detectable (8) or minimal (11) tolerance; moreover, after loss of tolerance following ILES blockade, the in vitro effect of serum on endotoxin pyrogenicity remains unaltered (12).Recently, Freedman reported the successful passive transfer of significant endotoxin tolerance in rabbits employing specific endotoxin dose schedules for inducing tolerance in donor animals (13). Although these data indicate unequivocally the participation of humoral factors in endotoxin tolerance, the importance of such factors and the mechanism by which they operate remain speculative. Freedman suggested that the humoral factors act in rabbits and mice by enhancing RES phagocytic capacity; i.e., transfer of tolerance was correlated with increased ability of the recipient animal to clear colloidal carbon, and hence presumably endotoxin, from the blood (14). In contrast, studies in man indicate that tolerance to the pyrogenic *

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Mechanisms of Endotoxin Tolerance

Greisman

Carozza

Hills

1963

The Journal of Experimental Medicine

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Freedman (27), who has done extensive work in this area, does not attribute these significant observations to the presence of antibodies; the results, however, are consistent with an immunological mechanism. The factors involved could be the same as the opsonins, unrelated to O antibodies, which assist the RES in the destruction of certain Gram-negative bacteria (29). Jenkin and Rowley reported that such opsonins are removed non-specifically from the serum by colloidal carbon.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modification of Host Responses to Bacterial Endotoxins

Watson

Kim

1963

The Journal of Experimental Medicine

104

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The mechanism of tolerance to the pyrogenic activity of Gram-negative bacterial endotoxins is most often attributed to a non-specific increase in the activity of the reticuloendothelial system (RES) (1). Recently, it was shown that Group A streptococcal exotoxins produced biphasic fever responses in rabbits (2). In contrast to the non-specific tolerance induced by endotoxins, three distinct toxins were identified based on their ability to induce specific pyrogenic tolerance; in addition, the pyrogenic activity was neutralized specifically with antiserum.These observations suggested that, in addition to the non-specific RES activity, specific immune mechanisms may contribute to pyrogenic tolerance to Gram-negative bacterial endotoxins. Because endotoxins from organisms of different species and families induce non-specific pyrogenic tolerance, it is assumed that specific immunological mechanisms are not involved. If, however, there exist unsuspected common or cross-reactive antigens contributing to the pyrogenic activity, the non-specific nature of the mechanism would be more apparent than real. Our approach involved, therefore, an attempt to demonstrate specificity by the use of cross-tolerance tests as applied to the streptococcal pyrogenic toxins (2). Purified endotoxins were selected for this purpose on the basis of suspected chemical differences.In addition, there is evidence to implicate the immunological state of the host in many of the biological activities of endotoxins. From birth, animals are continually exposed to Gram-negative bacterial endotoxins derived from organisms growing in the gastrointestinal tract. Of particular interest is the enhanced susceptibility of animals to endotoxins after colonization with Gramnegative bacteria (3); here there was evidence of specificity because the induced susceptibility was greater when the endotoxin was derived from the

show abstract

“…The depressed rate of carbon elearanee which followed 1 and 2 doses of ALS is probably due largely to a limited availability of serum opsonins whieh are essential for the phagoeytosis of carbon particles (Jenkin and Rowley, 1961;Normann and Benditt, 1965;Filkins and Diluzio, 1966). The necessity for phagoeytic eells to dispose of large amounts of heterologous protein and damaged or opsonized cells would result in a temporary depletion of opsonins and thereby severely limit the eapaeity of macrophage.s to carry out additional phagoeytosis of carbon particles.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in Phagocytic Activity and Morphology of Reticuloendothelial Organs in Mice Induced by Antilympiiocyte Serum

Gotjamanos

Gill

1970

Aust J Exp Biol Med

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Summary Rabbit anti‐mouse antilymphocyte sera and antilymphocyte globulin preparations went studied for their effects on (1) phagocytic activity of peritoneal and fixed macrophages and (2) morphology of reticuloendothelial organs. Antilymphocyte sera did nut adversely affect the ability of peritoneal macrophages to carry out phagocytosis in vivo or in vitro. One and 2 does of antilymphocyte sera given to mice depressed the rate of carbon clearance from the circulation; multiple doses of antilymphocyte sera stimulated the rate of carbon clearance and induced marked hepatosplenomegaly. The increased liver mass in serum‐treated mice was due mainly to hypertrophy although some antilymphocyte sera‐treated mice also exhibited an increase in the relative numbers of Kupffer cells. Splenic enlargement followed administration of unabsorbed antilymphocyte sera as well as antilymphocyte sera that had been absorbed with mouse erythrocytes and bone marrow cells. Histologically, these enlarged spleens showed marked lymphoid depletion and intense extramedullary haematopoiesis. The changes in phagocytic activity and morphology of reticuloendothelial organs observed in adult mice used in the present investigation closely parallel those which have been reported to occur in neonatally thymectomized mice. The results obtained thus tend to support the concept that antilymphocyte sera can confer a state of “immunothymectomy” when administered to adult animals, and, furthermore, are in accord with its principal mode of action.

show abstract

The Role of Opsonins in the Clearance of Living and Inert Particles by Cells of the Reticuloendothelial System

Cited by 121 publications

References 15 publications

Mechanisms of Endotoxin Tolerance

Mechanisms of Endotoxin Tolerance

Modification of Host Responses to Bacterial Endotoxins

Changes in Phagocytic Activity and Morphology of Reticuloendothelial Organs in Mice Induced by Antilympiiocyte Serum

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About