The Role of Oncogenic Viruses in the Pathogenesis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Zemel, Romy; Issachar, Assaf; Tur–Kaspa, Ran

doi:10.1016/j.cld.2011.03.001

Cited by 38 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 147 publications

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“…Chronic infections with either HBV or HCV have been associated with about 80% of HCCs (163). Both HBV and HCV have been categorized by the IARC as human carcinogens (164).…”

Section: Hepatitis Virusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple Infections and Cancer: Implications in Epidemiology

Vedham

Divi

Starks

et al. 2014

Technol Cancer Res Treat

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Approximately 18% of the global cancer burden has been attributed to infectious agents, with estimates ranging from 7% in developed countries to about 22% in developing countries.Chronic infections caused by the hepatitis B and C viruses, human papilloma viruses (HPV), and Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) are reported to be responsible for approximately 15% of all human cancers. Interestingly, although many of the infectious agents that have been associated with cancer-such as HPV, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), and H. pylori-are highly prevalent in the world, most infected individuals do not develop cancer but remain lifelong carriers. Malignancies associated with infectious agents may result from prolonged latency as a result of chronic infections. Pathogenic infections are necessary but are not sufficient for cancer initiation or progression. Cancer initiation may require additional cofactors, including secondary infections. Therefore, in patients with chronic infection with one agent, secondary co-infection with another agent may serve as an important co-factor that may cause cancer initiation and progression. Additionally, opportunistic co-infections could significantly inhibit response to cancer treatment and increase cancer mortality. Co-infections are relatively common in areas with a high prevalence of infectious agents, especially in developing countries. These co-infections can cause an imbalance in the host immune system by affecting persistence of and susceptibility to malignant infections. Several articles have been published that focus on infectious agents and cancer. In this article, we discuss the role of infectious agents in malignancies, highlight the role of multiple/co-infections in cancer etiology, and review implications for cancer epidemiology.

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“…Chronic infections with either HBV or HCV have been associated with about 80% of HCCs (163). Both HBV and HCV have been categorized by the IARC as human carcinogens (164).…”

Section: Hepatitis Virusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple Infections and Cancer: Implications in Epidemiology

Vedham

Divi

Starks

et al. 2014

Technol Cancer Res Treat

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“…3 The development of HCC is a complex, gradual, multistep process involving many factors. Epidemiological studies have identified major risk factors for HCC, including infection with hepatitis B or C virus (HBV or HCV), 4 exposure to certain chemicals (such as aflatoxin B 1 ) 5 or high alcohol intake. 6 Not all individuals who are exposed to risk factors develop cancer, 7 suggesting that genetic factors are involved in susceptibility.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

TP53 Codon 72 Polymorphism with Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Meta-Analysis

Ding

Qin

2012

J Int Med Res

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446OBJECTIVE: The association between codon 72 polymorphism of the tumour protein p53 (TP53) gene -which results in a missense mutation of arginine (R) to proline (P) -and susceptibility to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is controversial. A metaanalysis was performed in order to define this relationship more precisely. METHODS: Published studies of TP53 codon 72 polymorphism and the risk of HCC were identified. Data were extracted, and summary odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated. Pooled ORs were determined for an additive model (R/R versus P/P), a dominant model ([R/R + R/P] versus P/P) and a recessive model (R/R versus [R/P + P/P]). RESULTS: The meta-analysis included seven case-control studies (total 1511 cases and 2165 controls). The risk of cancer was significantly decreased in the overall dominant model and the dominant model in Asian populations. A significantly decreased risk was found for all models in hospital-based but not population-based studies. There was no association between polymorphism and cancer risk when data were stratified according to hepatitis B or C virus infection status. CONCLUSION: The TP53 codon 72 polymorphism may be a risk factor for HCC. KEY WORDS: HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA (HCC); TUMOUR PROTEIN P53 (TP53); CODON 72; POLYMORPHISM; META-ANALYSIS IntroductionHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) accounts for 85 -90% of primary liver cancers, which are the fifth most common cancers worldwide. 1 The distribution of HCC varies among geographic regions and ethnic groups. 2 The incidence of this disease is increasing in developed countries in spite of considerable diagnostic and therapeutic progress. Tumour protein p53 is a tumour suppressor that plays an important role in cell cycle regulation and the maintenance of genome integrity. 9 TP53 mediates the cellular response to DNA damage via effects on gene transcription, DNA synthesis and repair, genomic plasticity and apoptosis. 10 Mutation of TP53 can result in uncontrolled cell proliferation and is associated with an increased risk of several cancers, including HCC. 11Several studies have investigated the association of TP53 polymorphisms with the risk of cancer.12 -14 The most studied polymorphism in the TP53 gene is a G>C replacement in exon 4, at codon 72. 15 This results in a mis-sense mutation of arginine (R) to proline (P) 16 and the production of a protein with different biological and biochemical characteristics. There are three possible distinct TP53 genotypes: homozygous for arginine (R/R); homozygous for proline (P/P); and heterozygous (R/P). Studies regarding the possible association of this polymorphism with HCC have shown inconclusive results, and most have included only small numbers of cases and controls. This meta-analysis was conducted in order to determine the effects of this polymorphism on the risk of HCC. Materials and methods IDENTIFICATION OF STUDIESA literature search was conducted in order to identify studies that examined the association of the TP53 codon 72 polymorphism with HCC. T...

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“…It has been shown that Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections are the major causative agent for hepatocellular carcinoma (Zemel et al, 2011;Yanming et al, 2012). HPV infection has been etiologically linked to cervical cancer (Elasbali et al, 2012), oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (Rietbergen et al, 2012) and other cancers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Awareness Survey on Knowledge of Microbial Infectious Causes of Cancer in Northern State of Sudan

Ahmed

2012

Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention

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Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the level of cancer awareness after delivering educational programs by assessing the awareness in regard to the role of microbial infectious agents in the etiology of some cancers. Hussain Gadelkarim Ahmed places such as schools, clubs, mosques and Government health centre. A total of 21,415 participants benefited from these programs. Two hundred individuals were randomly selected for filling a form regarding the relationship between cancer and microbial infectious agent. During the programs, information was given about cancer, causes and prevention. During the program, pamphlets related to cancer were distributed among the participants to educate them about cancer.

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The Role of Oncogenic Viruses in the Pathogenesis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Cited by 38 publications

References 147 publications

Multiple Infections and Cancer: Implications in Epidemiology

Multiple Infections and Cancer: Implications in Epidemiology

TP53 Codon 72 Polymorphism with Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Meta-Analysis

Awareness Survey on Knowledge of Microbial Infectious Causes of Cancer in Northern State of Sudan

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