The role of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in the intensive care unit

Abstract

Purpose of reviewThis review provides an update on the actions of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and presents the most recent findings from trials in patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) setting including relevant meta-analyses. Many specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) are produced from bioactive omega-3 PUFAs and may explain many of the beneficial effects of omega-3 PUFAs, although other mechanisms of action of omega-3 PUFAs are being uncovered. Recent findingsSPMs resolve inflammation, promote healing and support antiinfection activities of the immune system. Since publication of the ESPEN guidelines, numerous studies further support the use of omega-3 PUFAs. Recent meta-analyses favor the inclusion of omega-3 PUFAs in nutrition support of patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome or sepsis. Recent trials indicate that omega-3 PUFAs may protect against delirium and liver dysfunction in patients in the ICU, although effects on muscle loss are unclear and require further investigation. Critical illness may alter omega-3 PUFA turnover. There has been significant discussion about the potential for omega-3 PUFAs and SPMs in treatment of coronavirus disease 2019.

Enhanced Production of EPA-Derived Anti-Inflammatory Metabolites after Oral Administration of a Novel Self-Emulsifying Highly Purified EPA Ethyl Ester Formulation (MND-2119)

“…Our previous study demonstrated that early EPA treatment after percutaneous coronary intervention reduces acute inflammatory responses in patients with acute myocardial infarction 28) . Furthermore, previous studies showed a possible beneficial effect of omega-3 PUFAs on acute respiratory distress syndrome and sepsis 38) . In critically ill patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome, omega-3 PUFAs in enteral immunomodulatory diets may be associated with an improvement in early oxygenation and length in stay of intensive care 39) .…”

A Study on Fatty Acid Composition and Quality Indicators of Anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus) Oils From Different Factories

“…Various studies have indicated their role in the treatment of coronary heart disease, COVID-19, and organ damage when taken through diets (Singer & Calder, 2023). Additionally, there is evidence suggesting that the consumption of these fatty acids can reduce the risk of cancer (Gheorghe et al, 2022).…”

Investigating the Impact of HTNV Infection on the Gut Microbiota of Wild-Type and NLRX1 Knockout Mice

“…In addition, after 6 days of HTNV infection, the levels of PUFA and glycerophospholipids decreased, indicating a possible reduction in energy production associated with disease progression. Omega-3 PUFAs, such as DHA and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), are known to reduce inflammation by promoting the synthesis of antiinflammatory eicosanoids and SPMs, such as resolvins, maresins, and protectins [39,40]. Thus, mice with low levels of unsaturated fatty acids due to HTNV infection would be more prone to an exacerbated inflammatory response.…”