The role of oligosaccharides and polysaccharides of xylan and mannan in gut health of monogastric animals

Abstract

Apart from its role as a digestive and absorptive organ, the gastrointestinal (GI) tract is a vital immune organ that encompasses roughly 70 % of the total immune cells of the body. As such, the physical, chemical and nutrient composition of the diet influences overall GI function, effectively as an immune organ. With the improvement in feed technology, agro-industrial co-products that are high in fibre have been widely used as a feed ingredient in the diets of pigs and poultry. Arabinoxylan (AX) and mannan are the most abundant hemicellulosic polysaccharides present in cereal grain and co-product ingredients used in the livestock industry. When monogastric animals consume diets containing high amounts of AX and mannans, stimulation of GI immune cells may occur. This involves the activation of several cellular and molecular pathways of the immune system and requires a considerable amount of energy and nutrients to be expended by the animal, which may ultimately influence overall health and growth performance of animals. Therefore, a better understanding of the role of AX and mannan in immune modulation will be helpful in modulating untoward GI immune responses, thereby minimising nutrient and energy expenditure toward this effort. This review will summarise pertinent research on the role of oligosaccharides and polysaccharides containing AX and mannans in immune modulation in order to preserve gut integrity.

Dietary fiber in poultry nutrition and their effects on nutrient utilization, performance, gut health, and on the environment: a review

“…In particular, butyrate presence increased significantly, which has been shown to have anti-inflammatory effects and inhibit pathogenic bacterial colonization in the intestine. Similarly, arabinoxylooligosaccharides promote bifidobacterial growth in the cecum of chickens and aids in maintaining gut health [ 107 ], which is beneficial during Salmonella Enteritidis challenge. Infected birds fed a diet supplemented with either 0.4% or 0.2% arabinoxylooligosaccharides from wheat bran show decreased Salmonella populations in the ceca and spleen [ 108 ].…”

Effects of Dietary Supplementation of Algae-Derived Polysaccharides on Morphology, Tight Junctions, Antioxidant Capacity and Immune Response of Duodenum in Broilers under Heat Stress

“…Polysaccharides, as natural active polymers, are widely present in plants and microorganisms. In recent years, polysaccharides have attracted great attention in investigating alternative growth promoters in animals [ 17 ]. For instance, numerous studies observed that dietary medicinal plant-derived polysaccharides could enhance immune function [ 18 ], elevate antioxidant capacity [ 19 ], improve intestinal barrier function [ 20 , 21 , 22 ], thus promoting the growth performance of broilers.…”

Molecular effects of mannanase-hydrolyzed coprameal to intestinal immunity in the Pacific white shrimp(Litopenaeus vannamei)

“…The free sugar contents in MCM were mainly mannobiose sugars (10.3%) and others were glucose, mannose, fructose, sucrose and mannotriose. Among those sugars, mannobiose has been reported for their important role as an immune modulator (Patel & Goyal 2012; Tiwari et al 2020). For instance, mannobiose is able to activate innate immune response in chicken under in vivo and in vitro studies (Agunos et al 2007; Duarte et al 2014; Ibuki et al 2010; Ibuki et al 2011).…”