“…A number of studies have investigated children's sensitivity to the discourse status of the referent and its visual availability to the addressee (Campbell et al, 2000;Demir, So, Özyürek & Goldin-Meadow, 2012;Graf, Theakston, Lieven & Tomasello, 2015;Matthews et al, 2006;Serratrice, 2008Serratrice, , 2013. By crossing linguistic mention and visual presence of a competitor in this study's design, we have been able to assess the relative and joint contribution of both factors to the speaker's discourse model.…”