The role of NGOs in negotiating the use of biodiversity in marine areas beyond national jurisdiction

Blasiak, Robert; Durussel, Carole; Pittman, Jeremy; Sénit, Carole‐Anne; Petersson, Matilda; Yagi, Nobuyuki

doi:10.1016/j.marpol.2017.03.004

Cited by 34 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Consensus emerged around the perceived credibility of conservation and industry-oriented sources. Regarding conservation-oriented data, our results reflect similar findings concerning the perceived usefulness of the workshops and side events provided by civil society throughout the BBNJ process (Blasiak et al, 2017). Moreover, our findings regarding the perceived credibility of industry-sourced data present unique opportunities for implementing science-based approaches for BBNJ.…”

Section: Implications Of Identified Consensussupporting

confidence: 83%

Recognising Stakeholder Conflict and Encouraging Consensus of ‘Science-Based Management’ Approaches for Marine Biodiversity Beyond National Jurisdiction (BBNJ)

et al. 2020

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Areas beyond national jurisdiction (ABNJ) encompass the seabed, subsoil and water column beyond coastal State jurisdiction and marine biodiversity beyond national jurisdiction (BBNJ) is rich and varied. From providing sustenance and supporting livelihoods, to absorbing anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions, ABNJ ecosystems are vital to the wellbeing of humankind. However, an enhanced understanding of BBNJ and its significance has not equated to its successful conservation and sustainable use. Negotiations for a new international legally binding instrument for the conservation and sustainable use of BBNJ have scoped applicable principles for a future agreement, including the use of best available science and science-based approaches. But there remains a lack of convergence on what science-based approaches would look like, or how they would be operationalised. In order to negotiate and implement a meaningful BBNJ treaty that can meet conservation and sustainable use objectives, stakeholder perceptions must be identified, and areas of divergence must be overcome. This study uses Q-methodology to reveal and analyse the diversity of perceptions that exist amongst key stakeholders regarding what it means to operationalise sciencebased approaches for the conservation and sustainable use of BBNJ. The Q-study features 25 stakeholder interviews and 30 Q-study participants revealing four different perceptions, each of which represent a different interpretation of what science-based management means in the context of BBNJ. Across these perceptions, there were areas of stakeholder consensus (e.g., regarding the benefits of integrative management, the application of precautionary approaches when data are insufficient, and the issues pertaining to the trustworthiness and credibility of science) and areas of stakeholder conflict (e.g., regarding the definition, function and authority of science within current and future BBNJ governance processes). Key implications of this study include the evidencing of fundamental tensions between differing perceptions of the authority of science and between conservation and sustainable use objectives, that may be fueling stakeholder conflict, and the subsequent proposal of integrative and highly participatory management approaches to operationalise science-based management of BBNJ.

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Section: Implications Of Identified Consensussupporting

confidence: 83%

Recognising Stakeholder Conflict and Encouraging Consensus of ‘Science-Based Management’ Approaches for Marine Biodiversity Beyond National Jurisdiction (BBNJ)

et al. 2020

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“…Increasing attention is being paid to these anthropogenic threats in Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction (ABNJs), which include the "High Seas" and "the Area" (i.e., the water column outside of State-managed Exclusive Economic Zones or the Territorial Sea where no EEZ has been declared, and the seabed beyond the limits of the continental shelf, respectively; Popova et al, 2019). The High Seas cover nearly 60% of the world's oceans (Cullis-Suzuki and Pauly, 2010), comprise the largest habitat for life on the planet (Verity et al, 2002;Blasiak et al, 2016), and are overseen by intergovernmental regional fisheries management organizations (RFMOs) which provide a mechanism for managing shared resources and meeting international obligations (Cullis-Suzuki and Pauly, 2010; Gilman et al, 2014). Although they are critical to the protection of marine ecosystems, many RFMOs are relatively young and still in the process of implementing the United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) Resolutions on the management of bottom fisheries in ABNJs (Gianni et al, 2016;Bell et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cold-Water Corals and Other Vulnerable Biological Structures on a North Pacific Seamount After Half a Century of Fishing

2020

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Addressing growing threats of overexploitation to the world's oceans is especially challenging in the High Seas, where limited data and international jurisdiction make it difficult to determine where and when conservation measures are necessary. Of particular concern are vulnerable marine ecosystems (VMEs)-special habitats on the seafloor that are highly sensitive to disturbance and slow to recover. To ensure the long-term conservation and sustainable use of marine resources, regional fisheries management organizations are committed to identifying the locations of VMEs and responding to prevent significant adverse impacts (SAIs). For over 50 years, Cobb Seamount-a shallow underwater volcanic mountain in the Northeast Pacific Oceanhas been commercially fished by multiple nations using various types of gear. Here we have assimilated data from fisheries records and a recent visual survey on the seamount. Our findings show a variety of habitat-forming emergent biological structures widely distributed on Cobb Seamount and generally depth-stratified into high-density assemblages (≥1 m −2). Our spatial analyses show that fishing has also been widely distributed, overlapping the habitat of the biological structures. We found fewer coldwater corals, sponges, and other biological structures in areas with higher recent fishing effort and documented evidence of fishing impacts, such as extensive mats of coral rubble and a high abundance of derelict fishing gear entangled with dead or damaged organisms. Based on the average density of "lost" gear (2,785 ± 1,003 km −2), we can confidently estimate that hundreds of thousands of items of derelict fishing gear are currently entangled with the seafloor of Cobb Seamount and that these pose an ongoing threat to biological structures, the biogenic habitats they create, and the species they support. Such impacts can persist for decades or centuries to come. This study contributes and discusses new information on the condition and distribution of biological structures, VME indicator taxa, physically complex biogenic ecosystems, and human impacts on Cobb Seamount. These data will be necessary to identify the location(s) of potential VMEs and SAIs on this heavily fished seamount in the High Seas.

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“…The lack of participation and continuity among delegations of developing countries, however—particularly small island developing states—hampers equitable engagement by these states ( 34 ). Coupled with a comparatively low level of legal and technical expertise with regard to MGRs, this situation has represented a serious obstacle to progress and has delayed the BBNJ negotiations ( 35 ). To ensure that the process moves forward in an inclusive manner, states need to increase their commitments to capacity building, including scientific training and collaboration, and make greater use of mechanisms like a voluntary fund that was established to support participation of delegates during the BBNJ Preparatory Committee ( 36 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Corporate control and global governance of marine genetic resources

et al. 2018

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The role of NGOs in negotiating the use of biodiversity in marine areas beyond national jurisdiction

Cited by 34 publications

References 18 publications

Recognising Stakeholder Conflict and Encouraging Consensus of ‘Science-Based Management’ Approaches for Marine Biodiversity Beyond National Jurisdiction (BBNJ)

Recognising Stakeholder Conflict and Encouraging Consensus of ‘Science-Based Management’ Approaches for Marine Biodiversity Beyond National Jurisdiction (BBNJ)

Cold-Water Corals and Other Vulnerable Biological Structures on a North Pacific Seamount After Half a Century of Fishing

Corporate control and global governance of marine genetic resources

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