The role of neutrophils in neuro-immune modulation

Kanashiro, Alexandre; Hiroki, Carlos Hiroji; Fonseca, Denise Morais da; Birbrair, Alexander; Ferreira, Raphael Gomes; Bassi, Gabriel Shimizu; Fonseca, Mirian D.; Kusuda, Ricardo; Cebinelli, Guilherme Cesar Martelossi; Silva, Katiussia Pinho da; Wanderley, Carlos W.; Menezes, Gustavo B.; Alves-Fiho, José Carlos; Oliveira, André G.; Cunha, Thiago M.; Pupo, André S.; Ulloa, Luis; Cunha, Fernando Q.

doi:10.1016/j.phrs.2019.104580

Cited by 98 publications

(87 citation statements)

References 210 publications

(261 reference statements)

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“…The CNS had been known to be an “immune privileged site,” most likely due to the presence of the highly impenetrable BBB; yet recent studies have demonstrated flexibility in the BBB in response to inflammation-related needs and stimuli ( Kanashiro et al, 2020 ). Indeed, in neuroinflammatory situations, neutrophils and CNS-resident microglia are suggested to participate in the inflammatory response, as supported by the imaging results of this study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neutrophils Return to Bloodstream Through the Brain Blood Vessel After Crosstalk With Microglia During LPS-Induced Neuroinflammation

Kim

Lee

et al. 2020

Front. Cell Dev. Biol.

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The circulatory neutrophil and brain tissue-resident microglia are two important immune cells involved in neuroinflammation. Since neutrophils that infiltrate through the brain vascular vessel may affect the immune function of microglia in the brain, close investigation of the interaction between these cells is important in understanding neuroinflammatory phenomena and immunological aftermaths that follow. This study aimed to observe how morphology and function of both neutrophils and microglia are converted in the inflamed brain. To directly investigate cellular responses of neutrophils and microglia, LysMGFP/+ and CX3CR1GFP/+ mice were used for the observation of neutrophils and microglia, respectively. In addition, low-dose lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was utilized to induce acute inflammation in the central nervous system (CNS) of mice. Real-time observation on mice brain undergoing neuroinflammation via two-photon intravital microscopy revealed various changes in neutrophils and microglia; namely, neutrophil infiltration and movement within the brain tissue increased, while microglia displayed morphological changes suggesting an activated state. Furthermore, neutrophils seemed to not only actively interact with microglial processes but also exhibit reverse transendothelial migration (rTEM) back to the bloodstream. Thus, it may be postulated that, through crosstalk with neutrophils, macrophages are primed to initiate a neuroinflammatory immune response; also, during pathogenic events in the brain, neutrophils that engage in rTEM may deliver proinflammatory signals to peripheral organs outside the brain. Taken together, these results both show that neuroinflammation results in significant alterations in neutrophils and microglia and lay the pavement for further studies on the molecular mechanisms behind such changes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neutrophils Return to Bloodstream Through the Brain Blood Vessel After Crosstalk With Microglia During LPS-Induced Neuroinflammation

Kim

Lee

et al. 2020

Front. Cell Dev. Biol.

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“…Neutrophils are short-lived and mostly polymorphonuclear leukocytes that are generated by myeloid precursors in the bone marrow. After inflammation or damage, neutrophils are one of the first immune cells recruited to the affected tissues within a few hours, and are essential in the fight against infection, as well as clearing cellular debris in both septic and aseptic processes [ 81 ]. Early studies reported that leukotriene B4 (LTB4) and complement component 5a (C5a) recruited neutrophils to the site of inflammation to induce pain sensitization [ 82 , 83 ].…”

Section: Neutrophils In the Pnsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immune Actions on the Peripheral Nervous System in Pain

Liu

Cheung

2021

IJMS

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Pain can be induced by tissue injuries, diseases and infections. The interactions between the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and immune system are primary actions in pain sensitizations. In response to stimuli, nociceptors release various mediators from their terminals that potently activate and recruit immune cells, whereas infiltrated immune cells further promote sensitization of nociceptors and the transition from acute to chronic pain by producing cytokines, chemokines, lipid mediators and growth factors. Immune cells not only play roles in pain production but also contribute to PNS repair and pain resolution by secreting anti-inflammatory or analgesic effectors. Here, we discuss the distinct roles of four major types of immune cells (monocyte/macrophage, neutrophil, mast cell, and T cell) acting on the PNS during pain process. Integration of this current knowledge will enhance our understanding of cellular changes and molecular mechanisms underlying pain pathogenies, providing insights for developing new therapeutic strategies.

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“…Gut microbiota in these children also may lead to obesity. Microbes can influence obesity in children by affecting energy extraction from food, hormonal functions, metabolism of lipids, and immune responses [91][92] .…”

Section: Autism Spectrum Disordermentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbiota and their Influence in the Human Body

Al-Judaibi¹

2021

J Pure Appl Microbiol

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Scientists have invested considerable resources in the study of the microbiota of the human body. These microorganisms play pivotal roles in immunity and disease. Of which, probiotics are live beneficial microorganisms that keep your intestinal or lung microbiota healthy, and occupy a special role in combating the infections. Thus, it is critical to understand their contributions to these processes. Technology can facilitate advanced studies of the microbiota, including how it develops and its positive and negatives effects on the immune system. This paper investigates how several factors (e.g. birth delivery mode, metabolic activities, types of microorganisms, and immune system interactions) affect the microbiota, particularly in early life. The paper also discusses how gastrointestinal microbes in particular may be associated with certain disease processes, such as those related to schizophrenia, autism, and diabetes. Clinical studies show that certain probiotic strains, like Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG and Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis help to prevent infection of pathogenic organisms (both bacterial and viral). This research may yield crucial contributions to disease prevention and public health. The dysbiosis may result in changes in the acquired immunity later on. The probiotic strains can prevent viral replication during SARS-CoV-2 or COVID-19 infection by reducing proinflammatory cytokines. There has been much interest into the intestinal flora as proposed by the diversity, volume, and proposed role in disease. Future research in the field of microbiome should be done in order to uncover their association to gut virome by noting both their influence on each other and relevant health and disease.

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The role of neutrophils in neuro-immune modulation

Cited by 98 publications

References 210 publications

Neutrophils Return to Bloodstream Through the Brain Blood Vessel After Crosstalk With Microglia During LPS-Induced Neuroinflammation

Neutrophils Return to Bloodstream Through the Brain Blood Vessel After Crosstalk With Microglia During LPS-Induced Neuroinflammation

Immune Actions on the Peripheral Nervous System in Pain

Microbiota and their Influence in the Human Body

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