The role of mycorrhizal fungi in enhancing fertiliser efficiency in agriculture

Abstract

The study was conducted to evaluate the impact of mycorrhizal fungi on the yield, biomass and quality of cereals (wheat and maize) in the South of Ukraine. For the experiment, control and experimental plots were selected where mycorrhizal fungi were used to improve plant nutrient uptake. The research process included detailed measurements of yields, biomass and uptake of nutrients such as phosphorus, nitrogen and potassium at different stages of the growing season. The results showed that the use of mycorrhizal fungi increased wheat yields by 15% and corn yields by 18% in the experimental plots compared to the control plots, which was achieved through increased nutrient uptake from deeper soil layers. Wheat biomass increased by 12% and corn biomass by 14%, indicating a positive impact of mycorrhiza on plant development. Phosphorus uptake at a depth of 20-30 cm increased by 50%, which contributed to better root development and the supply of available elements to plants. In addition, we recorded a 7% increase in protein content in wheat grain and a 9% increase in corn, which indicates an improvement in the nutritional and feed value of the products. The analysis also showed a 4% increase in the oil content of corn grain, which increases its economic value. Another important result was a 15% reduction in mineral fertiliser costs due to improved nutrient use efficiency, which reduces the need for additional fertiliser. The results confirm that the use of mycorrhizal fungi is an effective method for increasing yields, product quality and economic efficiency of agricultural production