The role of monocyte/macrophage chemokines in pathogenesis of osteoarthritis: A review

Abstract

Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the most common degenerative diseases characterised by joint pain, swelling and decreased mobility, with its main pathological features being articular synovitis, cartilage degeneration and osteophyte formation. Inflammatory cytokines and chemokines secreted by activated immunocytes can trigger various inflammatory and immune responses in articular cartilage and synovium, contributing to the genesis and development of OA. A series of monocyte/macrophage chemokines, including monocyte chemotaxis protein (MCP)‐1/CCL2, MCP2/CCL8, macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)‐1α/CCL3, MIP‐1β/CCL4, MIP‐3α/CCL20, regulated upon activation, normal T‐cell expressed and secreted /CCL5, CCL17 and macrophage‐derived chemokine/CCL22, was proven to transmit cell signals by binding to G protein–coupled receptors on recipient cell surface, mediating and promoting inflammation in OA joints. However, the underlying mechanism of these chemokines in the pathogenesis of OA remains still elusive. Here, published literature was reviewed, and the function and mechanisms of monocyte/macrophage chemokines in OA pathogenesis were summarised. The symptoms and disease progression of OA were found to be effectively alleviated when the expression of these chemokines is inhibited. Elucidating these mechanisms could contribute to further understand how OA develops and provide potential targets for the early diagnosis of arthritis and drug treatment to delay or even halt OA progression.

Dietary supplementation of vitamin B1 prevents the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis

“…The culture supernatants were subjected to cytokine array analysis. We observed that VB1 treatment markedly reduced the production of CCL2, a potent pro-OA mediator ( 7 ), in macrophages ( Fig. 2 D ).…”

Harmonizing hope: navigating the osteoarthritis melody through the CCL2/CCR2 axis for innovative therapeutic avenues

“…The CCL2/CCR2 axis has been demonstrated to regulate inflammation in OA and other pathological conditions ( 115 ). Some previous studies showed that this axis orchestrates an intricate cellular choreography during OA pathogenesis ( 66 , 116 , 117 ). In OA, the dynamic interplay between CCL2 and CCR2 is mediated by synovial tissues, chondrocytes, and infiltrating immune system cells.…”

Unraveling the immunological roles of serum amyloid A3 in aortic immune cell subsets during atherosclerosis progression

“…Previous study indicates patients with carotid atherosclerosis exhibit elevated plasma levels of CXCL13, especially in symptomatic cases, and higher CXCL13 expression within atherosclerotic carotid plaques compared to nonatherosclerotic vessels 77 . CCL8 is a potent chemoattractant for monocytes and macrophages, directing them to areas of inflammation and infection 78,79 . Retnla hi Ear2 hi Mφ in WT mice show higher enrichment in ERK1 and ERK2 cascade, positive regulation of angiogenesis, and lipid storage (Figs.…”